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India-Africa Forum Summit: A new twist to Modi's foreign policy?
Oct 20, 2015

India-Africa Forum Summit: A new twist to Modi's foreign policy?

With the upcoming 3rd India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS-III) this month, Prime Minister Modi is set to prove a point to the country that he indeed follows a proactive foreign policy with exuberance and austerity. IAFS-III seems to be critical for reshaping and nourishing historical India-Africa ties and is considered as not just another diplomatic event.

India-ASEAN FTA in services: Good for the region, very good for India
Jul 31, 2013

India-ASEAN FTA in services: Good for the region, very good for India

The potential welfare gains arising from the services agreement appear to be in India's favour as well as for member economies of ASEAN. The policy focus of both ASEAN and the individual member nations has been on merchandise trade liberalisation, and on inducing foreign investment-led transfer of technology, which has so far resulted in low regional integration in services.

India-Bangladesh connectivity: Possibilities and challenges
Sep 19, 2014

India-Bangladesh connectivity: Possibilities and challenges

Participants at a Consultative International Workshop on India-Bangladesh Connectivity: Possibilities and Challenges, organised in Kolkata, emphasised the need for a common transport policy for the entire region.

India-Bangladesh defence cooperation: Coming of age, at last?
Aug 21, 2023

India-Bangladesh defence cooperation: Coming of age, at last?

This brief analyses the efforts of India and Bangladesh to strengthen their defence cooperation, in the context of the series of agreements and Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between the two countries during Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s visit to India in April 2017. Some quarters in both countries are sceptical about the agreements, citing the ineffectual Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace—often referred to as a ‘defenc

India-Bangladesh Relations: Forging a model for South Asian relations
Sep 05, 2011

India-Bangladesh Relations: Forging a model for South Asian relations

Considering the great improvement in India's relations with Bangladesh, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, during his visit to Dhaka, should unilaterally offer to convert half of the $1 billion soft loan given to Bangladesh earlier into a grant and make the rest interest-free as a gesture of goodwill and friendship.

India-China trade ties hindered by border disputes, mistrust
Sep 20, 2014

India-China trade ties hindered by border disputes, mistrust

Prime Minister Modi has succeeded in adding a new zest and meaning to India-China relations with the visit of the Chinese President. However, it is evident that the full potential in trade and other areas of cooperation would not be realised unless peace and tranquility is restored on the border.

India-Japan-Australia minilateral: The promise and perils of balancing locally
May 24, 2017

India-Japan-Australia minilateral: The promise and perils of balancing locally

This paper argues that even when the India-Japan-Australia minilateral is inspired by a need to ensure their interests against the current global power transition, it remains limited in its aim: to restrain China from achieving regional hegemony as it may threaten the liberal security order in the region. In the face of China’s rise and the US’ retrenchment, Asia’s regional powers are hedging their bets on a regional security order that is

India-Kazakhstan conference recommends increasing trade ties
Dec 18, 2008

India-Kazakhstan conference recommends increasing trade ties

Experts identified trade in hydrocarbons and uranium as the two important cogs of bilateral energy cooperation

India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor: Towards a New Discourse in Global Connectivity
Apr 09, 2024

India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor: Towards a New Discourse in Global Connectivity

This report presents an initial stocktaking of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) announced in 2023 following a meeting in New Delhi between the leaders of India, the US, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Italy, France, Germany, and the European Commission. Given that the participating economies contribute to almost half of the global GDP, there are many opportunities and challenges associated with the economic corridor.

India-Myanmar Energy cooperation
Sep 29, 2003

India-Myanmar Energy cooperation

India's urgent requirements for hydrocarbons seem to be prompting it to look for proverbial strange bedfellows. Shrugging off the ideological baggage of the Cold War era and the Nehruvian idealism, India is all set to pursue a realistic foreign policy.

India-Nepal oil pipeline to enhance regional connectivity
Oct 01, 2015

India-Nepal oil pipeline to enhance regional connectivity

The 41 km India-Nepal pipeline, designed to supply cost-effective and environment-friendly petroleum products to the landlocked the nation, is the first trans-national pipeline in the SAARC region. This initiative represents a win-win outcome for both the countries which will also enhance regional connectivity and economic development across the region.

India-Pak dialogue: Much talk, some substance
Oct 08, 2013

India-Pak dialogue: Much talk, some substance

At the Manmohan Singh-Nawaz Sharif meeting, it was agreed that the incidents across the LoC would be taken up by the DGMOs of both the countries. This seems to be the only worthwhile outcome of the meeting, though it remains to be seen how effective this arrangement would be. Sharif also assured the Indian Prime Minister that the most favoured nation protocol would be extended to India in order to facilitate trade between the two countries.

India-Russia Defence Cooperation: A Time-tested Relationship
Feb 07, 2006

India-Russia Defence Cooperation: A Time-tested Relationship

During Prime Minister Manmohan Singh¿s early-December 2005 visit to Moscow, India and Russia signed landmark agreements to further cement their defence cooperation that dates back to almost half a century. These include an agreement on the defence of intellectual property rights that prevents either side from using technologies received from the other without special permission, joint construction of a multi-purpose transport plane

India-Russia military-technical cooperation: Beyond commercial relations
Jun 22, 2017

India-Russia military-technical cooperation: Beyond commercial relations

The India-Russia military technical relationship has withstood the test of time. Despite strains since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the relationship has remained highly critical both in terms of the level of trust between the two states and the imperatives of sustaining a military-technical relationship to counter the growth of Chinese power. A more synergistic military-technical is possible, and Moscow and New Delhi must explore ways to con

INDIA-US STRATEGIC DIALOGUE
Dec 10, 2004

INDIA-US STRATEGIC DIALOGUE

On December 10-11, 2003, the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and the RAND Corporation held a ¿strategic dialogue¿ in New Delhi. The meeting brought together scholars, diplomats, and functionaries from the governments of India and the United States to discuss policy issues important to both countries. This report , which summarizes the discussions, should be of interest to high-level policy makers in the Indian and US governments, as well as

India-US ties are strong – but for a price
Jul 02, 2018

India-US ties are strong – but for a price

It wants India to break its relationships with Iran and Russia.

India-US Ties: Mindset needs to change
Nov 11, 2010

India-US Ties: Mindset needs to change

Indians in large numbers are already working in the US in various spheres of technology. If the emerging Indian talent pool can be transferred to critical innovation projects under a specially created Indo-US Special Purpose Vehicle, it could go a long way in maximizing welfare in both societies.

India-US ties: The downside of the downslide
Feb 06, 2014

India-US ties: The downside of the downslide

The next Indian government will have to reorder policies and priorities, without bureaucratic hindrance and with procedures that are streamlined and not subject to whimsical changes. The next decade is crucial for our young population; rights oriented populism will have to cede to growth and production oriented policies to attract investment.

India: Challenges before Budget session
Feb 22, 2013

India: Challenges before Budget session

The three-month-long budget session of the Indian Parliament, which began with the constitutionally mandatory address of President Pranab Mukherjee to a joint sitting of the two Houses on February 21, is both crucial and critical.

India: Many a hurdle in its way to becoming a world power
May 29, 2019

India: Many a hurdle in its way to becoming a world power

To achieve all that Modi has promised, he needs a peaceful periphery and a stable world order. At home, Modi may be master of all he surveys, but abroad, there are other players, some positive, others inimical. There are issues, such as US-Iran tensions, US-China trade spat, rising climate of protectionism and Brexit, that he cannot control.

India: Mooring in foreign shores?
Mar 04, 2015

India: Mooring in foreign shores?

India needs to find money to put into strategic investments and projects across the IOR -- whether it is Myanmar, Iran, Sri Lanka or Mauritius. The way to do it is not governmental schemes which are all running late, but to draw strength from India's entrepreneurial class and the private sector.

India: PM Modi begins to govern
Jun 06, 2014

India: PM Modi begins to govern

On 26 May, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Narendra Modi assumed office after he was sworn-in as the country's 15th Prime Minister by President Pranab Mukherjee.

Indian armed forces joint doctrine: Elusive quest for integration
May 26, 2017

Indian armed forces joint doctrine: Elusive quest for integration

The doctrine’s ambitious purpose, in principle, is to help provide a framework for an integrated approach to warfare by all the three branches of the Indian armed forces. However, the JDIAF makes little substantive progress toward force integration among the three services.

Indian intelligence recruitment remains anachronistic
Oct 11, 2024

Indian intelligence recruitment remains anachronistic

Not recruiting from civilian and scientific talent pools risks a ‘failure of imagination’, hindering India’s ability to pre-empt previously unanticipated dangers.

Indian investments in Africa: Scale, trends, and policy recommendations
May 24, 2017

Indian investments in Africa: Scale, trends, and policy recommendations

Indian investments in Africa, from both public and private sector entities, have increased considerably in the last decade. Yet despite the growing importance of Indian investments in Africa, only a few empirical studies have been carried out on the subject. This paper undertakes a disaggregated analysis of Indian foreign direct investment outflows to Africa from 2008 to 2016, and presents three main findings. First, it confirms earlier analyses

India’s 50-50 reforms
Mar 27, 2018

India’s 50-50 reforms

Transformative change is disruptive. We have been slow in embedding credible instruments to mitigate the cost of disruption.

India’s balancing act amid Russia-China ties
Dec 12, 2019

India’s balancing act amid Russia-China ties

Russian enmity with China had global consequences; so does their close friendship today. Both scenarios have an impact on India. Russia has been a long-time friend of India; it not only provided India arms to maintain formidable military profile, but also gave invaluable political support on a variety of regional issues. Transfer of military technology has been a key part of the Russian-Chinese relationship, both old & new.

India’s bank crisis is really a power crisis
Aug 03, 2018

India’s bank crisis is really a power crisis

Carbon-intensive assets are a financial time bomb.

India’s challenge with Kartarpur
Nov 14, 2019

India’s challenge with Kartarpur

For Pakistan’s military-intelligence apparatus — targeting India is the best way to ensure their centrality.

India’s Connectivity Projects with Myanmar, Post-Coup: A Stocktaking
Feb 22, 2023

India’s Connectivity Projects with Myanmar, Post-Coup: A Stocktaking

Myanmar, which shares a border with four of India’s north-eastern states—Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland—is crucial to the country’s ‘Act East’ policy. India has a number of projects with Myanmar in the pipeline, seeking to improve physical connectivity through transport links, which in turn can assist in both countries’ development goals. Since the military coup in Myanmar on 1 February 2021, the country has been

India’s Defence Industry: Achievements and Challenges
May 06, 2024

India’s Defence Industry: Achievements and Challenges

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has launched many reforms under the ‘Make in India’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiatives to strengthen India’s moribund defence industry. These reforms have led to some visible improvements, as evidenced by increased defence production and exports, and a large bank of in-principle government approvals for future domestic production. However, several challenges persist that require urgent attenti

India’s dilemma in Maldives
Feb 13, 2018

India’s dilemma in Maldives

Maldivian President Yameen Abdullah Gayoom’s rejection of the Supreme Court’s decision to release the jailed opposition leaders to ensure a free and fair presidential elections later this year has brought to head the country’s brewing estrangement with its traditional ally, India. India faces a dilemma: How must it deal with the situation in Maldives? This report examines India’s options in the context of China’s expanding power in the

India’s Enduring Challenge of Intelligence Reforms
Dec 09, 2020

India’s Enduring Challenge of Intelligence Reforms

India’s attempts at strengthening its intelligence infrastructure and capabilities have historically been reactive and incremental, rather than holistic and sustainable. This was seen, for instance, in the aftermath of the Kargil War, and following the terror attacks on Mumbai in November 2008. India has rarely undertaken proactive reforms and done little to implement corrective measures subsequent to these crises. This brief offers recommendat

India’s foreign aid to South Asia
Nov 11, 2016

India’s foreign aid to South Asia

Many developing countries have transformed themselves from recipients into aid donors. Foreign aid donor tag is no longer exclusive to developed economies.

India’s foreign policy: Assertive in the face of challenges old and new
Dec 30, 2017

India’s foreign policy: Assertive in the face of challenges old and new

As 2017 draws to a close, India can look at the year gone by with some satisfaction even as there might be some trepidation about the coming year.

India’s G20 Leadership: Elevating Capacity Building for Sustainable Development Financing
Sep 04, 2023

India’s G20 Leadership: Elevating Capacity Building for Sustainable Development Financing

India’s G20 Presidency has identified the mandate for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) as thus: “capacity building of the ecosystem for financing sustainable development.” The aim is to scale up efforts in mobilising large pools of global capital for sustainable projects, particularly in emerging and developing economies. Under the aegis of the Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG), the G20 proposes the developmen

India’s Growing Energy Insecurity: Volatile crude prices and a tattered road map to reform
Feb 13, 2009

India’s Growing Energy Insecurity: Volatile crude prices and a tattered road map to reform

Over the past few years, there is noticeable amongst India watchers an inescapable feeling of disappointment at what has been seen as a perceptible rolling back of many of the much vaunted reforms that had been the face of the country's efforts to integrate with world energy markets through the turn of the century. With an import dependence of over 70%, and increasing with each passing year, the petroleum sector had been the obvious choice to mov

India’s Nuclear Security Regime: Physical Protection and Crisis Management Measures
Jul 19, 2022

India’s Nuclear Security Regime: Physical Protection and Crisis Management Measures

The security of nuclear and radiological materials is a critical global issue due to the growing number of existing and emerging threats in the nuclear domain. Within the broad domain of nuclear security, several challenges and threats—such as the physical protection of nuclear materials, insider threat, transportation security, and cyber threats—have raised concerns among governments and the international community. This report focuses on th

India’s peri-urban regions: The need for policy and the challenges of governance
Mar 26, 2019

India’s peri-urban regions: The need for policy and the challenges of governance

Population relocations driven by economic reasons or caused by land speculation have led to people settling in peri-urban areas (or areas in the periphery of the urban). The in-migration of population and emergence of new activities is transforming such areas, as seen in changes in land use and occupational patterns, reduced farm activities, and growth of built structures. Inadequate planning and governance of peri-urban areas by local government

India’s pursuit of United Nations Security Council reforms
Dec 24, 2017

India’s pursuit of United Nations Security Council reforms

The United Nations Security Council has emerged as the key arena and barometer for evaluating the promise and progress of accommodating new, rising powers in the international system. The case of India provides one of the best examples of a rising power coming to terms with its increased power, role and expectations of itself and of other powers, great and small, in negotiating its place in the reformed Council as a permanent member. This paper b

India’s response to state fragility in Africa
Oct 27, 2017

India’s response to state fragility in Africa

New Delhi is increasingly positioning itself as a significant player in African peace, security and development. Examining the question of how India responds to state fragility in Africa, this brief finds that India’s engagement is mostly transactional: working around, rather than on, sources of political fragility. Development and security interventions tend to operate in silos, but might change if Indian commercial investments are threatened

India’s Seychelles military base roadblock has a China subtext
Mar 23, 2018

India’s Seychelles military base roadblock has a China subtext

China is a new entrant into the Indian Ocean, and there is a lot of concern over its development of ports and infrastructure and links with various countries. India must not overstate China's significance.

India’s skillful posturing with the US
Oct 20, 2018

India’s skillful posturing with the US

India and the US may have policy differences on Russia and Iran, but keep big-picture focus on defense cooperation

India’s Smart Cities Mission, 2015-2021: A Stocktaking
Aug 16, 2021

India’s Smart Cities Mission, 2015-2021: A Stocktaking

The Smart Cities Mission (SCM), launched in 2015, seeks to improve the quality of life in 100 cities and towns of India. Overall, its progress has been uneven, with many cities yet to achieve the desired levels of transformation. This report evaluates the first five years of the Mission, and draws lessons from its successes and failures. It discusses the physical and financial status of the projects taken up so far, and identifies the mos

India’s strategic unicorn in Chabahar
Dec 12, 2017

India’s strategic unicorn in Chabahar

The security dimension of Chabahar is based on a preferential approach towards Indian interests rather than one based on exclusivity by Iran

India’s Taliban Outreach
Jun 17, 2022

India’s Taliban Outreach

Greater engagement with the Taliban will create new possibilities for India as other regional players such as China, Russia and Iran look for ways to step up their engagement

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios
Sep 25, 2023

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios

This paper projects the nationwide and state-wise size of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) market under various GDP growth scenarios. The market sizes under these scenarios are expressed in monetary values at the scale of both sub-national units and the Indian economy as a whole. With the help of transactions and market share data from Phonepe, a UPI company, the paper estimates the national and state-wise base case scenario market volu

India’s urban moment: The pressing need for a new thought architecture
Jun 06, 2019

India’s urban moment: The pressing need for a new thought architecture

India’s emerging urban moment is caught between two realities: inadequate systems in public transportation, housing, waste management, and access to sanitation and health; and a burgeoning ecosystem of enterprising individuals, communities and start-ups pushing innovative solutions to these very same civic issues. This paper examines India’s urban picture and understands how the urban narrative of crumbling systems and inadequate infrastructu