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National digital economy strategies: A survey of Africa
Jul 26, 2019

National digital economy strategies: A survey of Africa

Developing national digital strategies has become crucial for all countries, especially for developing nations. African countries, in particular, must find a niche in the global digital economy to accelerate inclusive social and economic development using technology. This brief compares the national digital strategies of 17 African countries and analyses them based on the typology of the relationship between state and society in the context of th

National security is about politics
Apr 29, 2019

National security is about politics

National security has always been a part of national politics. What has changed is only the way this issue is now playing out in the public domain.

National Security: The Need for a Doctrine
Feb 10, 2014

National Security: The Need for a Doctrine

Many strategic analysts in India have suggested that the country evolve a national security doctrine to guide its armed forces and governmental system in dealing with matters relating to national security. The Observer Research Foundation took the initiative to examine the issue in its entirety. This report details the outcome of a discussion amongst the country's noted security experts.

NATO’s wins and woes: The organisation faces challenges across political, financial, and security domains
Apr 12, 2024

NATO’s wins and woes: The organisation faces challenges across political, financial, and security domains

When comparing the current geopolitical landscape of Europe to the circumstances in the years following NATO’s establishment, it becomes apparent that very little has changed.

Navigating India-Russia trust deficit
Feb 18, 2012

Navigating India-Russia trust deficit

One of the collaterals of the 2G verdict of the Supreme Court, which saw the revocation of 21 of Sistema Shyam Telecom?s 22 licenses, could be the flickering and faint Russian Interest in Indian business opportunity.

Navigating Southern Waters – Norway’s Maritime Security Stakes
Sep 11, 2025

Navigating Southern Waters – Norway’s Maritime Security Stakes

Far from the Gulf, Norway anchors its role in Middle East security—leveraging maritime might to safeguard vital trade routes and stability.

Navigating the Shift: Is China Losing Its Grip on Africa?
Dec 10, 2024

Navigating the Shift: Is China Losing Its Grip on Africa?

Does the Forum on China- Africa Cooperation 2024 (FOCAC) mark the end of an era in Sino-Africa relations in a proverbial boomto- bust scenario?” and “Is there disenchantment among the African leaders vis-à-vis China?

Navy needs a capacity boost to become ‘net security provider’
May 23, 2024

Navy needs a capacity boost to become ‘net security provider’

India faces a medium-term challenge from the Chinese PLA Navy, which has been active in terms of sending vessels on regular patrols in the Indian Ocean.

Naxal menace: Security forces challenged in difficult terrain
Jul 10, 2006

Naxal menace: Security forces challenged in difficult terrain

Travelling by horse back is the fastest mode of communication in the tribal-inhabited remote and interior forest areas of this (East Godavari) district,¿ said my guide during a visit to the Naxalite-Maoist-affected parts of the Andhra-Orissa Border Special Guerrilla Zone (AOBSZ).

Naxalites misused peace process
Aug 22, 2005

Naxalites misused peace process

Confusion and vacillation have been the marked features of the Andhra Pradesh government¿s policy towards the Naxalites of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist), which it proscribed on August 17, along with seven of its front organisations in the wake of the killing of nine persons,

Need for a New Security Architecture in Asia, say East Asian journalists
Sep 28, 2010

Need for a New Security Architecture in Asia, say East Asian journalists

There is a need for a new regional security architecture that reflects the changed geopolitical realities of the region. This suggestion was made during an interaction between senior Japanese and South Korean journalists and Indian scholars at ORF.

Need for austerity measures
Nov 01, 2011

Need for austerity measures

All over Europe, the new mantra is austerity. Though India's exports have been doing well since last month, this may not be sustained in the future if our big trade partners are busy tightening their belts and trade credits dry up.

Need for corrective policies to curb growing economic inequality
Dec 15, 2011

Need for corrective policies to curb growing economic inequality

There is a lot of disturbing news regarding the Indian economy today which is likely to spoil the outlook for 2012. One of them is regarding the rise in inequality.

Need for further improving LOCs with African countries
Mar 24, 2014

Need for further improving LOCs with African countries

Considering the importance of Lines of Credits in India's development cooperation programme, ORF has undertaken a study of the system and process of LOCs. Early results point to need for improvements in the system.

Need for stronger role of States in ties with neighbours
Feb 28, 2012

Need for stronger role of States in ties with neighbours

Nepal Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai, by choosing to go to Bihar, has reinforced the point that States like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are vital for maintaining a cordial Indo-Nepal relation.

Need for the Tamil polity to stay relevant in Sri Lanka
Feb 04, 2011

Need for the Tamil polity to stay relevant in Sri Lanka

It's heartening to note that the two rounds of talks between the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) and the Government on finding a political solution to the vexatious ethnic issue have gone off well over the past weeks.

Need of the hour for Asian nations is to stay united
Aug 28, 2014

Need of the hour for Asian nations is to stay united

Given the emerging geo-political tensions in the region, the need of the hour for India, South Korea and other nations is to integrate and stay united, according to Mr. Anil Wadhwa, Secretary, Government of India.

Need to build local capacities in India's North East
Jul 18, 2014

Need to build local capacities in India's North East

Sectors such as oil and gas, non-renewable energy, natural resources, agriculture, etc. hold tremendous potential for cooperation between India's North-East and the BCIM region. There was a need to ensure seamless movement of goods, services and people across borders to promote trade.

Need to grab initiative on J&K: Working Group Reports' recommendations require a push
Dec 29, 2009

Need to grab initiative on J&K: Working Group Reports' recommendations require a push

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had taken a bold step in 2006 when he constituted five working groups on Jammu and Kashmir to grab the initiative for ushering in a phase of development by creating conditions of permanent peace in the troubled state.

Need to look at Maritime Security in entirety
Feb 23, 2008

Need to look at Maritime Security in entirety

Prof.K.R.Singh, formerly visiting professor, Chair of Maritime Studies, University of Calicut, initiated an interaction on 'Maritime Dimensions of Internal Security' at an Interaction organised by the ORF Chennai Chapter of the Observer Research foundation on 23 February 2008.

Need to rethink structural aspects of Bretton Wood Institutions
Mar 04, 2015

Need to rethink structural aspects of Bretton Wood Institutions

Even today, the ownership of the Bretton Wood Institutions (BWIs) continues to reflect the realities of 1943-44. Giving more voice to emerging economies will require ratification by the US Congress that has so far shown no sign of progress.

Neglect of under-privileged: Confront politicians
Apr 04, 2014

Neglect of under-privileged: Confront politicians

In today's political scene not many contestants have a background of having worked with the underprivileged people or fighting for the rights of women and children. Many think it is a good opportunity to get into the charmed circle of parliamentarians who have attractive remunerations and huge fringe benefits for five years

Negotiating the G20 Brisbane summit
Oct 29, 2014

Negotiating the G20 Brisbane summit

The Australian presidency of the G20 has witnessed a focus on the fundamentals: trade, tax issues, infrastructure, employment and banking.

Nehru’s Navy: India’s Tryst with Aircraft Carriers
Nov 08, 2022

Nehru’s Navy: India’s Tryst with Aircraft Carriers

The commissioning of the homegrown INS Vikrant in September has revived debates within India’s strategic community and the decision-making elite, on the desirability and viability of aircraft carriers for the Indian Navy. It remains unclear how these debates are settled among the political, bureaucratic, and military classes, and how decisions are made around the Navy's force structures, particularly on the issue of aircraft carriers. This pape