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Estimating the Productivity of India’s Agricultural Waters: Towards Water and Nutritional Security Through Crop Choices
Apr 05, 2022

Estimating the Productivity of India’s Agricultural Waters: Towards Water and Nutritional Security Through Crop Choices

This paper presents an approach towards promoting nutritional security on one hand, and water security on the other, in an integrated framework. Using econometric models, it delineates water use efficiency on the basis of calorific estimates of the productivity of agricultural water use in the context of various crops. Based on the estimated marginal product of water across the various crops, the paper finds that alternative crops such as maize a

Ethnicity, security and connectivity in India-Myanmar relations
Nov 11, 2016

Ethnicity, security and connectivity in India-Myanmar relations

Ethnicity, security and connectivity identified as the foundational pillars of the multifaceted bilateral ties between India and Myanmar — an event report.

Europe's Role for Security in a Multipolar World: Views from India and China
Nov 26, 2013

Europe's Role for Security in a Multipolar World: Views from India and China

This report of a conference, hosted by the NFG Research Group "Asian Perceptions of the European Union" at ORF and JNU on September 26-27, 2013, provides a summary of the key themes which emerged from the conference.

Europe’s security challenge
Feb 20, 2024

Europe’s security challenge

Even if Donald Trump does not win the presidency, it is unlikely that enthusiasm for supporting Ukraine would be high in the US’s political ranks

Food Security Schemes Need To Focus On Diet Diversification
Dec 08, 2023

Food Security Schemes Need To Focus On Diet Diversification

India's nutrition levels have been a matter of concern. Policymakers have to shift their approach to find a long-term solution for the problem

For an India-led security architecture in South Asia
Jan 08, 2013

For an India-led security architecture in South Asia

India's smaller neighbours are not as concerned about the reach, if any, of outside powers in the region. In this sense, the neighbourhood?s concerns about India are distinct from India's own concerns.

Former PM Envoy launches "Nuclear Security in India" report
Jun 01, 2015

Former PM Envoy launches "Nuclear Security in India" report

'Nuclear Security in India' Report, launched recently by former PM Envoy on Non-Proliferation Rakesh Sood, sets out a list of policy recommendations which essentially seeks to address the gaps that still remain in the overall architecture of nuclear security in the country.

Four Walls and a Bubble: Coal and the ABC of India's energy security
Oct 27, 2014

Four Walls and a Bubble: Coal and the ABC of India's energy security

In all the hype and hyperbole about what to do with coal blocks, the plain fact is that the real danger lies in our coal reserves turning valueless for the country, of no benefit to the owner - the people of the land. They will be value less if we don't extract them before they turn un-burnable by climate action a few decades from now.

Fresh calls for space security governance measures unlikely to yield results
Apr 19, 2021

Fresh calls for space security governance measures unlikely to yield results

Progress will probably require developing small, technical agreements given that big, all-encompassing agreements have proven too difficult under current international circumstances.

From an 'air of permissiveness' to a 'sense of security'
Jan 28, 2013

From an 'air of permissiveness' to a 'sense of security'

Better policing, if nothing else, could help eliminate the existing air of permissiveness and re-introduce a sense of security in women - and also in men - inside their homes and outside - than at present.

From Pacifism to Strategic Maturity: The Evolution of Japan’s Security Diplomacy
Jan 20, 2026

From Pacifism to Strategic Maturity: The Evolution of Japan’s Security Diplomacy

The launch of Japan’s Official Security Assistance (OSA) framework in 2023 signalled a step further in the departure from a strictly pacifist aid model toward a more proactive approach to security diplomacy. Rooted in the 2022 revision of Japan’s National Security Strategy, the OSA institutionalises Tokyo’s gradual reinterpretation of constitutional and normative restraints on military assistance, while maintaining an emphasis on transparen

From sea to space: India and France deepen security cooperation
Mar 15, 2018

From sea to space: India and France deepen security cooperation

Underlying all practical steps between India and France is a shared strategic vision, particularly driven by the strategic uncertainties around China’s rise and its growing assertiveness.

Global Health Diplomacy: Navigating Politics and Security
Jun 06, 2025

Global Health Diplomacy: Navigating Politics and Security

Health policy is classically associated with the allocation of resources for healthcare services and the affordability and effectiveness of interventions, and is thereby confined to national strategies. Over the last couple of decades, however, there has been growing awareness about the interlinkages of health policy with key aspects of international relations, including diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy. Similarly, health features as a promin

Hard Security Back in Focus at the Quad Foreign Ministers Meet
Mar 13, 2023

Hard Security Back in Focus at the Quad Foreign Ministers Meet

It is relatively easy to establish coalitions to work on non-traditional security issues, but nurturing a group to focus on security issues as the core is not easy, especially for countries like India.

Heroes Humiliated in the name of Security
May 27, 2015

Heroes Humiliated in the name of Security

In Delhi, the Army still honours its martyrs in the airport parking lot as, ostensibly due to security concerns, it doesn't have access to the reception area built last year.

High time to assess internal security structures
Dec 11, 2014

High time to assess internal security structures

It is time that the Modi Government carried out a comprehensive assessment of our internal security structures and put in place measures to enhance their efficacy. Also, the feasibility of the earlier proposal by the army for permitting lateral movement of its personnel into the CAPF needs to be re-examined.

Hong Kong’s National Security Law: Implications for India
Oct 08, 2020

Hong Kong’s National Security Law: Implications for India

China has enacted a National Security Law for the special administrative region of Hong Kong. The provisions of the law can be used to curb peaceful dissent and enhance Beijing’s control over the region. It has the potential to not only change Hong Kong’s legal and political autonomy, but also alter its status as a global financial centre. This paper offers an overview of the national security law and its implications for the ‘one country,

How a US Non-proliferation failure became a global cyber security threat
May 22, 2017

How a US Non-proliferation failure became a global cyber security threat

Though the devastating WannaCry ransomware attack was a failure on the NSA’s part, current UN cyber norms are far too weak to hold any international actor – let alone the US – responsible.

How Beijing is thinking about regional and global security
Aug 23, 2019

How Beijing is thinking about regional and global security

For India, there is much to be worried about, but there is also much to learn

How the Congress lost the plot on India's security, and lost the election too
May 31, 2019

How the Congress lost the plot on India's security, and lost the election too

The last thing Pakistan wanted was Narendra Modi back as India's PM. They'd have preferred the Congress which is seen as soft on them. But how did Indira Gandhi's party reach such a state?

Imran Khan goes to Washington: What’s on the agenda for US-Pakistan security relations?
Jul 20, 2019

Imran Khan goes to Washington: What’s on the agenda for US-Pakistan security relations?

A closer look at some of the security-related agenda items for the upcoming development and how they could impact bilateral ties.

Increasing internal security concerns in Tamil Nadu
Dec 24, 2012

Increasing internal security concerns in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu has a history of Dalit-centric violence, which has erupted independently in the southern districts, and also the western Dharmapuri belt, where Naxalites have thrived and revived from time to time.

India and a Stable Indo-Pacific: Managing Maritime Security Challenges in the Bay of Bengal
Mar 27, 2024

India and a Stable Indo-Pacific: Managing Maritime Security Challenges in the Bay of Bengal

India has the longest coastline in the Bay of Bengal, making it critical for the country to manage maritime security challenges in this space. However, given the transnational nature of most maritime threats, India must cooperate with other Bay littorals and the major powers to address these issues. The Bay of Bengal is a vital part of the Indo-Pacific geostrategic construct, and a secure Bay is fundamental to a stable Indo-Pacific. By addressing

India and Israel's cyber security partnership could be a potential game changer
Jul 10, 2017

India and Israel's cyber security partnership could be a potential game changer

A cyber partnership can be critical for India to meet its immediate goals in securing its cyber infrastructure and expanding opportunities for the country’s tech sector.

India and Saudi Arabia: The Scope for Greater Security Cooperation
Aug 23, 2023

India and Saudi Arabia: The Scope for Greater Security Cooperation

Saudi Arabia and India recently signed a defence cooperation agreement, signalling a shift in ties. This issue brief looks at the importance of Indo-Saudi relations from a geopolitical perspective, outlines the trajectory of their bilateral defence partnership, and emphasises the symbiotic nature of their relations and the increasing scope for greater cooperation.

India at the United Nations: An analysis of Indian multilateral strategies on international security and development
Mar 29, 2018

India at the United Nations: An analysis of Indian multilateral strategies on international security and development

This paper explores how India has been able to achieve cooperation in the sphere of international development, but has been unable to replicate such success on issues of international security. It maps out India’s engagement on these two issues through four case studies and places them in the context of multilateral theory and international cooperation theory. It further considers factors within the game theoretic models of cooperation, includi

India has a role in UN Security Council
Apr 22, 2005

India has a role in UN Security Council

Professor Joseph Nye,Dean, John F Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, who visited ORF recently, gave an e-mail Interview to Dr. Harinder Sekhon, Senior Fellow, on US foreign policy trends, especially in West Asia and the future of Indo-US relations.

India is Embracing a ‘Net Security Provider’ Role in the Indian Ocean Region
Mar 11, 2024

India is Embracing a ‘Net Security Provider’ Role in the Indian Ocean Region

New infrastructure built by India in Mauritius demonstrates New Delhi’s commitment to cementing its security presence in the IOR.

India needs a systematic overhaul in agriculture to ensure food security
May 07, 2018

India needs a systematic overhaul in agriculture to ensure food security

Indian agriculture cannot afford to rely on unsustainable ways. Sustainable agriculture, which applies less pressure on natural resources, is the need of the hour.

India needs to maintain tight security
Oct 21, 2010

India needs to maintain tight security

India should be prepared to face the prospects of unending jihadi attacks not only in Kashmir but also in any part of the country. Eternal vigilance is the price India has to pay.

India needs to review its security measures
Dec 14, 2010

India needs to review its security measures

Following the Wikileaks, now one can draw the conclusion that Pakistan would never give up supporting the terror groups like the LeT and would use them for creating problems for India, at least in Jammu and Kashmir.

India's cyber and space security policies
Jan 02, 2015

India's cyber and space security policies

While many countries still regard cyber security and space security as 'future challenges', or issues that will need to be dealt with in the coming years, India is already tackling them today.

India's Military Space Efforts and Regional Security Considerations
Jan 19, 2011

India's Military Space Efforts and Regional Security Considerations

Following up with the SIPRI-ORF-SWF seminar in New Delhi earlier this year, the Secure World Foundation organised a panel discussion in Washington on "India's Military Space Efforts and Regional Security Considerations".

India's nuclear security: Strengths and gaps
Jun 14, 2017

India's nuclear security: Strengths and gaps

A study conducted by Observer Research Foundation in 2014-15 found that India has a fairly strong nuclear security policy.

India's Strategic Culture and Security Challenges
Feb 01, 2010

India's Strategic Culture and Security Challenges

Delivering the 30th Bhimsen Sachar Memorial Lecture for 2009 in New Delhi, the former Chief of the Army Staff highlights the flaws in India's strategic thinking and stresses the need for a more focused and clearly defined vision for the future.