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China’s quest for the renewables
Jul 18, 2022

China’s quest for the renewables

In its quest to achieve net zero, China has introduced new plans to promote green transition and has made significant progress in low-carbon developme

China’s quest to secure its ‘Rice Bowl’: Challenges to its food security
Feb 08, 2022

China’s quest to secure its ‘Rice Bowl’: Challenges to its food security

Can Xi continue to promise food security despite increased consumption, aging rural population, rapid urbanisation, and climate changes?

China’s rapid growth in Africa: Lessons for India
Aug 23, 2017

China’s rapid growth in Africa: Lessons for India

Understanding the phenomenal increase in China’s exports to Africa — particularly manufactured exports — is imperative.

China’s real intentions behind its ‘technical hold’ on Masood Azhar
Feb 21, 2019

China’s real intentions behind its ‘technical hold’ on Masood Azhar

Masood Azhar-led Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) is one of the many terror groups Beijing considers as important cogs for security and stability in its restive

China’s Relationship with ASEAN: An Explainer
Apr 15, 2021

China’s Relationship with ASEAN: An Explainer

Arguably the most significant global phenomenon of the past four decades has been the economic and strategic rise of China. Today analysts are confronting questions of whether China will replace the United States as the world’s biggest power, if it will do so peacefully or through confrontation and conflict, how it will subvert the existing system of global rules and institutions, and whether a new form of bipolarity would emerge to accommodate

China’s renewed push to tame religion
Sep 14, 2022

China’s renewed push to tame religion

The CCP uses both coercion and co-optation to ensure that organised religion remains aligned with its interests.

China’s Response to ‘De-risking’ Strategy of the West
Nov 07, 2023

China’s Response to ‘De-risking’ Strategy of the West

The annual parliamentary sittings of China’s National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference—usually held at the same time—are important political events, with speeches of leaders at the meetings reflecting the country’s policy trajectory. During the last sessions of both in March 2023, President Xi Jinping noted that western countries led by the United States (US) are seeking to “contain and en

China’s retail nationalism
Mar 31, 2021

China’s retail nationalism

The message — no business if you are on the wrong side of issues like Xinjiang

China’s revisionism: From Hong Kong to India’s borders
May 30, 2020

China’s revisionism: From Hong Kong to India’s borders

Make no mistake — China under Xi’s leadership is one of the most assertive and aggressive powers the world has encountered in a long time.

China’s rise and its challenges
Oct 14, 2019

China’s rise and its challenges

For China, it is the problems in what it considers to be its core interests which are becoming difficult to handle.

China’s rise and Trumpmerica’s tryst with the Thucydides trap
Nov 23, 2017

China’s rise and Trumpmerica’s tryst with the Thucydides trap

Thucydides’ assertion of the fifth century war being “inevitable” owing to the “rise of Athens” and the fear it “instilled” in the “ru

China’s rising naval power means trouble for India
Apr 28, 2017

China’s rising naval power means trouble for India

New Delhi will need to look to the US for help resisting Beijing’s maritime ambitions.

China’s scramble for Africa’s rare earth elements
Sep 01, 2022

China’s scramble for Africa’s rare earth elements

Today, China is the dominant global supplier of rare earths and has a significant footprint in Africa. However, its position is now being challenged.

China’s second aircraft carrier: A sign of PLA naval muscle?
Dec 27, 2019

China’s second aircraft carrier: A sign of PLA naval muscle?

The PLA Navy acknowledges the importance of maintaining air superiority in future naval conflicts, for which large aircraft carrier are important.

China’s secrecy on COVID surge revives horror of 2020 outbreak
Jan 09, 2023

China’s secrecy on COVID surge revives horror of 2020 outbreak

The world community seeks more clarity from China as it downplays the recent surge in COVID cases

China’s Sharp Power: Blunting the World’s Edge or a Moment of Global Awakening?
Aug 16, 2023

China’s Sharp Power: Blunting the World’s Edge or a Moment of Global Awakening?

Sharp power—a state's attempt to alter the behaviour of other countries through the manipulation of culture, education systems, and the media to further its interests—is a key tool of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Issues related to regime legitimacy and the CCP's development priorities have shaped China's sharp power approach. In the Xi Jinping era, there is some anxiety in the party ranks that external conditions are turning aga

China’s sharp power: दुनिया की धार को करेगी कुंद या होगा ये वैश्विक जागरण का पल?
Jul 27, 2023

China’s sharp power: दुनिया की धार को करेगी कुंद या होगा ये वैश्विक जागरण का पल?

शार्प पॉवर (sharp power) - एक देश की सांस्कृतिक, शैक्षणिक व्यवस्था और मीडिया बर्ताव में तिकड़म का उपयोग करते हुए परिवर्तन की कोशिश करते हुए दूसरे देश को प्रभावित करने का प्रयास - चीन

China’s shifting Persian Gulf Policy: Is it favouring the GCC over Iran? 
Jan 04, 2023

China’s shifting Persian Gulf Policy: Is it favouring the GCC over Iran? 

Multiple factors have contributed to a shift in Beijing’s Gulf policy but it does not mean that China intends to finance a new regional order

China’s soft power is failing in Australia, despite opening Confucius institutes all over
Dec 05, 2020

China’s soft power is failing in Australia, despite opening Confucius institutes all over

China finds that its trustworthiness among ordinary Aussies has plummeted from 52 per cent to just 23 per cent in two years.

China’s Solar Value Chain: The Early Drivers
Oct 03, 2022

China’s Solar Value Chain: The Early Drivers

China's export of cheap clean energy equipment is a public good as relatively poor countries can now afford large clean energy projects

China’s space endeavours
Mar 14, 2018

China’s space endeavours

As usual, China intends to be the number one nation in space

China’s State Responsibility for the Global Spread of COVID19: An International Law Perspective
May 23, 2023

China’s State Responsibility for the Global Spread of COVID19: An International Law Perspective

Three months since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic, the health crisis has wreaked havoc on people’s lives and livelihoods across the globe. Can state responsibility be apportioned for the pandemic, under the current international legal system? What would the elements of such responsibility be? This brief explores the concept of “state responsibility” under public international law and exam

China’s steadily expanding investments in Russia since the Ukraine conflict
Jul 26, 2023

China’s steadily expanding investments in Russia since the Ukraine conflict

Chinese investment in Russia has surged but it also raises concerns about the potential loss of sovereignty and control over key sectors of the econom

China’s strategic ambitions seen in the Hambantota port in Sri Lanka
Jul 27, 2018

China’s strategic ambitions seen in the Hambantota port in Sri Lanka

New Delhi’s Indian Ocean woes aren’t confined to Sri Lanka. Across the Indian Ocean’s littorals, the Chinese navy has been preparing to establish a stronger security presence. On Pakistan’s Makran coast, the PLAN has deployed regularly, including at Gwadar, also constructed by CMPorts. Earlier this year, the PLA is said to have initiated talks with the Pakistan military for another outpost at Jiwani.

China’s strategic intentions: Implications for India and Taiwan
Nov 24, 2022

China’s strategic intentions: Implications for India and Taiwan

India will have to make changes at the strategic level in its posture and relationship with the PRC if China persists in holding on to its territorial

China’s submarine activities in the Bay of Bengal: Considerations for India
Aug 30, 2023

China’s submarine activities in the Bay of Bengal: Considerations for India

In light of China’s growing activities in the Bay region, India needs to develop its underwater naval capacities, enhance defence cooperation, and i

China’s surge in non-communicable diseases may limit its progress in SDG 3 on good health and well-being
Mar 31, 2021

China’s surge in non-communicable diseases may limit its progress in SDG 3 on good health and well-being

China seems to be far behind with SDG — with the possibility of achieving 12 out of the 28 health-related SDG targets.

China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response
Jul 15, 2023

China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response

Vivek Mishra, “China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response,” ORF Issue Brief No. 649, July 2023.

China’s terror dilemma in CPEC: A Xinjiang strategy?
Aug 17, 2023

China’s terror dilemma in CPEC: A Xinjiang strategy?

This brief aims to examine one of China’s possible responses to the various extremist and terrorist activities that plague the internal security of Pakistan, given the necessity of securing its USD 62 billion investment in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Given that Pakistan is failing to control this problem, China will have to take measures of its own to secure CPEC. The response of China could possibly be inspired by its strateg

China’s Tianwen-1 Lands Rover on Mars
May 21, 2021

China’s Tianwen-1 Lands Rover on Mars

A significant technological feat for China, Beijing’s accomplishment is also a reminder of the revved-up space competition among the major space powers.

China’s travails with COVID-19
Nov 28, 2022

China’s travails with COVID-19

China’s inability to control the sudden spike in COVID cases has exposed the limitations of its zero-COVID policy

China’s Two-Front Conundrum: A Perspective on the India-China Border Situation
Mar 07, 2023

China’s Two-Front Conundrum: A Perspective on the India-China Border Situation

China’s actions in Ladakh since 2020 are in violation of common understandings and have brought the focus of bilateral relationship back to the issue of the border. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of China’s behaviour along the India-China border by exploring a fresh perspective that explains the instability along the border as a function of China’s two-front conundrum. It makes a historical account of past events to arg

China’s vaccine scandal — why we should care too
Aug 13, 2018

China’s vaccine scandal — why we should care too

As seen in the Chinese case, the vaccine manufacturers have not only lost trust domestically but also internationally.

China’s West Asian peace diplomacy a reality check for India
Mar 23, 2023

China’s West Asian peace diplomacy a reality check for India

The China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal puts the spotlight on New Delhi’s ties with Tehran

China’s worrying military exercises near Taiwan
Apr 18, 2020

China’s worrying military exercises near Taiwan

China’s moves in the region, despite the pandemic, are only likely to generate fear and inspire greater cooperation with Washington.

China’s Xi Proposes Global Security Initiative
May 13, 2022

China’s Xi Proposes Global Security Initiative

Despite the hypocrisy and power politics at the foundation of the GSI, it would be foolish to dismiss it or assume that it will not garner support from other countries.

China’s Xinjiang Policy: The Imperative for India
May 12, 2021

China’s Xinjiang Policy: The Imperative for India

Over the past two decades, China, in the name of counterterrorism has been carrying out a repressive campaign against the minority Muslim Uyghur population in its northwest region of Xinjiang. Its policy has provoked widespread condemnation from Western democracies. However, Beijing appears unscathed by such criticisms, especially as the Muslim world has either remained silent, or else have approved China’s actions in the region. This pap

China’s ‘spy ship’ poses a dilemma for New Delhi
Aug 20, 2022

China’s ‘spy ship’ poses a dilemma for New Delhi

India’s security officials worry that China would use the ship’s visit as a precedent for future deployments by Chinese warships to Sri Lanka.

China’s ‘Three Warfares’ Strategy in Action: Implications for the Sino-India Boundary, the Arctic, and Antarctica
Feb 07, 2024

China’s ‘Three Warfares’ Strategy in Action: Implications for the Sino-India Boundary, the Arctic, and Antarctica

China’s ‘three warfares’ strategy (TWS)—understood as public opinion, psychological, and legal warfare—has received considerable attention, but most analyses focus on Beijing’s sovereign claim to Taiwan and its maritime claims in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. This occasional paper evaluates the manifestation of the TWS against India in Ladakh and China’s motivation for adopting the same approach in the Arctic and Antar