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Understanding disease and shaping public health policy in a time of pandemic
May 23, 2023

Understanding disease and shaping public health policy in a time of pandemic

A pandemic of the viral disease COVID-19 has reached millions of people around the world with significant rates of mortality. With no specific treatments or vaccines in the immediate horizon, limiting contact with infected persons, the use of masks, and hand hygiene offer the only mitigation for now. This has led most countries to adopt severe isolation measures, which have in turn caused disruption of economic activity and increased unemployment

Understanding ISIS: From conception to operations
Aug 24, 2017

Understanding ISIS: From conception to operations

This paper bridges the gap in Indian public discourse on the aims of ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or Islamic State) and where it stands today as the most formidable terrorist organisation of the 21st century. It explores ISIS from the perspective of the Middle East, rather than coming from an Indian foreign policy and security point of view, of which there is no dearth in literature. Such an approach is crucial in understanding the terr

Understanding the battle of Mosul and the impending 'demise' of the Islamic State
Oct 24, 2016

Understanding the battle of Mosul and the impending 'demise' of the Islamic State

It is not possible to tell if, and how many, Indians from the Middle East have joined or shown an inclination towards the Islamic State.

Understanding the confusion over the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine
Jun 29, 2020

Understanding the confusion over the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine

India can further consolidate its stature as the “pharmacy of the world,” despite the jury still being out on HCQ’s effectiveness.

Understanding the digital divide in financial inclusion 
Nov 15, 2022

Understanding the digital divide in financial inclusion 

India needs to address the impediments to financial inclusion to ensure the upliftment of the downtrodden

Understanding the Economic Issues in Sri Lanka’s Current Debacle
Jul 20, 2023

Understanding the Economic Issues in Sri Lanka’s Current Debacle

Sri Lanka, which in the 1970s was being hailed as a development success story for a low-income nation, is now mired in a financial and economic disaster, its worst yet since independence in 1948. Despite notable investments in infrastructure projects, and a largely stable growth rate from 2013 to 2019, the Sri Lankan story was marred by a series of untimely and mismanaged economic measures that led to the current meltdown. External factors have c

Understanding the Gender Dimensions of Energy Poverty
Jun 08, 2021

Understanding the Gender Dimensions of Energy Poverty

Among the estimated 1.3 billion people across the world who have no access to electricity, 70 percent are women. This brief discusses the impact of energy poverty on India’s rural women. As women are primarily responsible for securing food and energy for their family, they are the ones who are worst affected by the lack of access to clean and modern energy. The brief calls for a more holistic approach in research and policymaking on energ

Understanding the resolutions on Kashmir in the US Congress
Dec 18, 2019

Understanding the resolutions on Kashmir in the US Congress

The two House Resolutions on Kashmir reflect moderate to extreme conceptions on the role of values in US foreign policy, but both emphasise the centra

Understanding the risks posed by COVID-19: A Public Health perspective
May 24, 2023

Understanding the risks posed by COVID-19: A Public Health perspective

Four months since the outbreak of COVID-19, some vital unknowns about the pandemic remain, including IFR (Infection Fatality Rate) and immunity from reinfection. A clearer understanding of the risks posed by COVID-19, informed by science and data in the Indian context, will help the country in mustering an effective strategy to hurdle the crisis. The government must undertake mass antibody testing and scale up healthcare capacity across the count

Understanding the Unique Nature of Political Violence in Bengal
Jul 21, 2023

Understanding the Unique Nature of Political Violence in Bengal

In many countries across the world, democracy and political violence can be inseparable. Even the most advanced western democracies have not escaped this pitfall. For the young republic that is India, political violence is commonly linked to electoral politics and in many instances, is episodic. States such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Kerala, for example, have had a long history of violent incidents erupting during elections. West Bengal

Unending politics of portraits
May 11, 2018

Unending politics of portraits

Whatever be MA Jinnah's connection with Aligarh Muslim University, penniless refugees who came to India post-Partition deserve better than to once again be faced with religious zealots who are keen on putting Jinnah on a pedestal that he is most undeserving of

Unequal Accommodation: A National Stockholm Syndrome?
Apr 19, 2005

Unequal Accommodation: A National Stockholm Syndrome?

Both India and Pakistan would have reasons to be satisfied with the joint statement issued at the end of President General Pervez Musharraf's visit to New Delhi from April 16 to 18, 2005, for talks with our Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh.

UNGA में शांति के पक्ष में भारत: कूटनीति और वार्ता ही रूस-यूक्रेन विवाद का हल
Sep 26, 2022

UNGA में शांति के पक्ष में भारत: कूटनीति और वार्ता ही रूस-यूक्रेन विवाद का हल

संयुक्‍त राष्‍ट्र महासभा में भारतीय विदेश मंत्री ने अपने भाषण में दुनिया के समक्ष भारत का समग्रता का दृष्टिकोण रखा. उन्‍होंने भारतीय विदेश नीति की बुनियादी सिंद्धांतों �

Unified Payment Interface: Towards Greater Cyber Sovereignty
May 23, 2023

Unified Payment Interface: Towards Greater Cyber Sovereignty

On 1 July 2020, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) of India celebrated #5YearsOfDigitalIndia. Given the recent call by the prime minister for Atmanirbhar Bharat (‘self-reliant India’) the IT minister found the occasion apt for trumpeting a crowning jewel of Digital India—the Unified Payment Interface that was launched almost four years ago. This indigenous innovation has prepared India for both the restrictions o

Union Budget 2022-23: इस बज़ट में एक सुदूरवर्ती दवा रूपी ‘अमृत’ की तलाश
Jul 30, 2023

Union Budget 2022-23: इस बज़ट में एक सुदूरवर्ती दवा रूपी ‘अमृत’ की तलाश

राष्ट्रीय बज़ट इस धारणा को बल देती है कि भारतीय अर्थव्यव�

Union Budget 2022: Focus on digital, digital finance, and the future of finance
Feb 02, 2022

Union Budget 2022: Focus on digital, digital finance, and the future of finance

This year’s budget has laid out the framework for a digitally-led India, with special emphasis placed upon digitalising finance

Unquiet borders on the Himalayas
Jul 08, 2020

Unquiet borders on the Himalayas

Peace and war are not the only options in any bilateral relationship. Numerous issues, more or less serious, emerge between two countries which demand

UNSC seat: Is there a short-cut on the long road ahead?
Nov 15, 2010

UNSC seat: Is there a short-cut on the long road ahead?

India will repent at leisure if it gives up the race for the UNSC seat now only to find, after some years, that countries with lesser weight but greater perseverance have left us irretrievably a rung lower in the international hierarchy.

Unseen currents, missed opportunities: Women in water management
Mar 21, 2024

Unseen currents, missed opportunities: Women in water management

As India navigates the complexities of sustainable development, ensuring gender equality in the waterscape emerges as a pivotal element in creating a

UP Elections 2022: यूपी चुनाव में ‘आइडेंटिटी पॉलिटिक्स’ का विश्लेषण!
Jul 30, 2023

UP Elections 2022: यूपी चुनाव में ‘आइडेंटिटी पॉलिटिक्स’ का विश्लेषण!

यूपी के चुनाव, पहचान की राजनीति की केंद्रीयता को मज़बूत क�

UPI in the Gulf: Revolutionising remittances
Feb 20, 2023

UPI in the Gulf: Revolutionising remittances

Enabling UPI services in the Gulf can simplify and streamline the process of sending money to India

Upskilling the chip industry: Transforming human resource into human capital
Sep 12, 2022

Upskilling the chip industry: Transforming human resource into human capital

India needs to harness its unmatched talent pool by upskilling its workforce in the semiconductor domain to become the next R&D hub.

Urban Affairs in the Pandemic Era
Aug 25, 2020

Urban Affairs in the Pandemic Era

In the month of August this year, India has recorded about 60,000 to 70,000 Covid-19 positive cases every day, and the total number of cases has cross

Urban densities and the Covid-19 pandemic: Upending the sustainability myth of global megacities
May 04, 2020

Urban densities and the Covid-19 pandemic: Upending the sustainability myth of global megacities

High-density urban agglomerations may be sustainable in terms of the economies of scale their populations provide. Yet, as proven by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, these same urban spaces are nearly defenceless in times of unprecedented disease outbreaks. A pandemic poses many risks to the millions who live in dense megacities, whether in wealthy countries or developing ones. The sheer density of the population of these cities provides an ideal e

Urban planning: Then & now (2045)
Sep 24, 2018

Urban planning: Then & now (2045)

A futuristic view on how urban planning ought to be overhauled over the next three decades if India’s cities are to survive  

Urban population: Challenges before policy-makers
Mar 15, 2013

Urban population: Challenges before policy-makers

ORF and GIZ, Germany, have jointly initiated an Urban Workshop Series 2013 to facilitate interaction among key national and international stakeholders and offer and discuss critical inputs that are urgently needed for effective policy-making in India and other emerging economies.

Urban youth are seeking jobs abroad
Apr 01, 2024

Urban youth are seeking jobs abroad

Amidst the high rate of unemployment in India, many urban youth are taking up blue-collar jobs abroad

Urbanisation and the need for new settlements
May 07, 2013

Urbanisation and the need for new settlements

A striking feature of India's urbanisation is the phenomenal size of population of some urban centres. As per Census 2011, there are 53 cities/urban agglomerations in the country that have recorded a population of more than a million. In some of these centres, the population is as high as 18.4 million.

Urbanisation of pandemics
May 01, 2020

Urbanisation of pandemics

The urban nature of the pandemic becomes clearer when we consider the megacities and the large Indian cities.

Urgent need to introduce drastic reforms in the IAS
Apr 09, 2010

Urgent need to introduce drastic reforms in the IAS

Do we need the IAS? This was the subject of an interaction organized by Observer Research Foundation Chennai Chapter on Saturday, 4 September, 2010, in the light of 'IT czar' N R Narayana Murthy's call for abolishing the system of generalised administrators under the Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

Uri as inflection point
Oct 03, 2016

Uri as inflection point

India's oscillating foreign policy from 'Jhappi' to 'Katti' under the pump in the aftermath of Uri

US Ambassador releases America in the Asian Century
Aug 13, 2013

US Ambassador releases America in the Asian Century

The Ambassador of the United States to India, Ms Nancy J Powell, on Tuesday released ORF's new publication, America in the Asian Century. The book consists of papers by ORF scholars on US's policy and relations with all important Asian countries.

US Engagement in the Indo-Pacific: An Assessment of the Trump Era
Oct 28, 2020

US Engagement in the Indo-Pacific: An Assessment of the Trump Era

There is no dearth in analyses that sound the alarm on the current United States (US) administration’s policy in the Indo-Pacific. This paper conducts an evaluation of the US’ engagement in the region, and finds it to be contrary to alarmist predictions. President Donald Trump’s administration has reaffirmed commitments towards traditional allies, built on the predecessor president’s courtship of nascent partners, and encouraged partners

US faces slowdown
Aug 16, 2011

US faces slowdown

While in India, China and many other countries, the main worry is the inflation, the US, the biggest economy in the world, is not facing inflation but a colossal public debt which crossed the government's stipulated limit recently. Currently the US debt stands at $14.6 trillion.

US government funds “sister” organisations of terror groups it fights
Jul 28, 2020

US government funds “sister” organisations of terror groups it fights

The bewildering reality of running with the hare and hunting with the hounds has special pertinence for India given the well-organised attacks on Capi

US keen on investing in alternate energy sources: US official
Jul 02, 2015

US keen on investing in alternate energy sources: US official

The US is keen on investing in alternate energy sources, especially in Southern India where there is high potential for such innovations, says Samuel F Rothenberg, Political/Economic Officer at the US Consulate-General in Chennai. He said around $1 billion has been earmarked by the US Exim Bank to ensure the implementation of such plans.

US Navy under Biden gets its first woman chief
Jul 31, 2023

US Navy under Biden gets its first woman chief

In nominating Adm Franchetti to the highest position of the US Navy, the Biden administration has pushed for a more diverse American military

US Policies Towards Africa: In Search of a New Paradigm
Aug 23, 2023

US Policies Towards Africa: In Search of a New Paradigm

There seems to be a revival of American interest in Africa. What are the reasons for this? What are the past and current US policies towards the region? Are these interests and policies different from those it had during the Cold War? How do Africans perceive the US? What are the implications of a renewed US interest in Africa for India? These are some of the questions that this Issue Brief attempts to answer.

US proposal on Space Code of Conduct: International Responses
Jan 23, 2012

US proposal on Space Code of Conduct: International Responses

It is in India's interests to institute a code of conduct for guiding certain responsible behavior in order to ensure a cleaner, safer, and less congested outer space, and also bringing in certain restraint on China.

US read the script wrong
Jun 11, 2014

US read the script wrong

America's release of five Taliban leaders recently in exchange for one of its troopers has grave implications for not just Afghan security but also the India-Pakistan détente.