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Ex-ante regulation for digital markets in India
Jan 06, 2021

Ex-ante regulation for digital markets in India

The peculiar technological and corresponding economic features of digital markets have rendered the ‘soft touch’ regulation largely insufficient.

Examining India’s Interim Defence Budget 2024-‘25
Feb 26, 2024

Examining India’s Interim Defence Budget 2024-‘25

Presenting the Interim Budget 2024-’25 on 1 February, the finance minister announced an allocation of INR 6,21,541 crore (approx. US$75 billion) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Representing 1.9 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 13 percent of Central Government Expenditure (CGE), MoD’s new budget is an increase of 4.7 percent over the previous outlays. This brief examines the MoD’s latest budget and contextualises it in the curr

Examining India’s stance on the Rohingya crisis
Aug 21, 2023

Examining India’s stance on the Rohingya crisis

The current debate on Delhi’s approach towards the Rohingya crisis focuses principally on the implications. While this aspect, without doubt, deserves careful examination, there is a need for a more holistic understanding. This brief fills the gap by shifting the focus on the role that India is playing in finding a solution to the crisis. It looks beyond what the approach means for India and explores ways for Delhi to further deepen and expand

Examining the limitations of India’s online visa regime
May 30, 2017

Examining the limitations of India’s online visa regime

In November 2014, India introduced a visa facility allowing foreign travellers wanting to come to India for recreational purposes, casual visits with friends or relatives, short-duration medical treatment or business visits, to apply for their visa online. Since then, the government has taken specific initiatives to improve the process, with the more recent ones including the introduction of three e-visa categories (e-medical, e-business, and e-t

Existential dilemma of Indian think tanks
Sep 09, 2009

Existential dilemma of Indian think tanks

why should Delhi have a monopoly on good ideas? While Mumbai is the economic capital of India, its history has also forced it to be a center of strategic and policy thought from which Delhi remains divorced

Expanding Chinese cyber-espionage threat against India
Apr 18, 2022

Expanding Chinese cyber-espionage threat against India

Adequate measures need to be adopted to strengthen India’s cyber defence as it has become increasingly susceptible to Chinese cyber attacks

Expanding India’s share in global space economy
Jul 09, 2019

Expanding India’s share in global space economy

ISRO should embrace a civilian identity and, aided by legislation, form partnerships with the industry and entrepreneurs.

Experts Policy Dialogue on India-France relations
May 01, 2013

Experts Policy Dialogue on India-France relations

ORF, the Public Diplomacy Division of the Ministry of External Affairs of India and CERI - Sciences Po and Centre d'analyse Stratégique (CAPS) of France have begun an Experts Policy Dialogue to delve into key areas, opportunities and challenges that will shape, enrich and confront the India-France relationship in the coming years.

Explained: India’s arms imports from Russia
May 17, 2022

Explained: India’s arms imports from Russia

The dependence on Russian exports will most likely disappear if current TIV trends continue.

Explaining the Latest Clashes on the Sino-Indian Border
Dec 20, 2022

Explaining the Latest Clashes on the Sino-Indian Border

Last week’s clash near Tawang is only the latest along the increasingly tense China-India border. A lack of clarity on where the border lies foments continued trouble.

Exploiting the untapped potential in India-Korea partnership
Aug 14, 2019

Exploiting the untapped potential in India-Korea partnership

In recent years, both nations have displayed a renewed focus and prioritisation of establishing strong relationships with each other and the neighbouring ASEAN countries.

Exploring cooperation between India’s Northeastern gas grid and Myanmar
Jun 07, 2019

Exploring cooperation between India’s Northeastern gas grid and Myanmar

A cross-border natural gas pipeline between India and Myanmar will be an important symbol of bilateral cooperation and regional connectivity.

Exploring India’s Digital Divide
May 20, 2022

Exploring India’s Digital Divide

With the onset of unprecedented technological and digital advances in today's time, India witnesses a widening inequality between the digital haves a

Exploring India’s economic diplomacy with the US
Apr 26, 2021

Exploring India’s economic diplomacy with the US

The opportunities and challenges for Indian economic diplomacy in its efforts at engaging the US over the next decade are immense.

Exploring India’s manufacturing exports dynamics
Jul 02, 2022

Exploring India’s manufacturing exports dynamics

Is India missing out on the opportunity to expand its export-led growth by not focusing on low-skill manufacturing?

Exploring India’s ties with Yemen
Sep 17, 2021

Exploring India’s ties with Yemen

India’s ties with Yemen date back two millennia, with the Middle Eastern nation playing a strategic role in India-Middle East relations

Exploring new drivers in India-Russia cooperation
Oct 24, 2017

Exploring new drivers in India-Russia cooperation

The 70th anniversary of Russia-India relations is an opportune time to make a comprehensive assessment of the current state of their cooperation, keeping in mind the long history of friendship between the two countries. In the last few years, India and Russia have been struggling to retain the legacy of their long-term relationship while moving beyond the traditional spheres of cooperation to reach new heights. To expand their bilateral agenda,

Exploring Prospects for India-Azerbaijan Ties Through Connectivity Projects
Jan 22, 2024

Exploring Prospects for India-Azerbaijan Ties Through Connectivity Projects

Azerbaijan has become an attractive investment destination, connecting Europe, Central Asia, Russia, and the Indian subcontinent via the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR). Indeed, over the years, India has explored various options to enhance connectivity with Russia and Europe via Azerbaijan. This brief assesses how the Western Route of the INSTC and the TITR can improv

Exploring the blue in the India-France partnership
Feb 10, 2023

Exploring the blue in the India-France partnership

Their established ties rest on a foundation of common values and goals

Exploring the hydropower potential in India’s Northeast
May 12, 2023

Exploring the hydropower potential in India’s Northeast

The Northeastern states of India have massive potential for harnessing hydroelectricity. While the government has rightly recognised this capacity as crucial to boosting the growth of the region, the pace of development has remained slow, and marred by many problems. This brief builds on the “43rdReport on Hydro Power” presented in Parliament in January 2019 by the Standing Committee on Energy, to assess the prospects of the hydropower sector

Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'
Nov 02, 2013

Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'

The Ambassador of France to India, H.E. Mr. Francois Richier, has underlined the importance of a comprehensive agreement on migration and mobility, which would feed into increasing bilateral education and business opportunities.

Exploring the Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities for India in the ‘Next Internet’
Aug 16, 2023

Exploring the Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities for India in the ‘Next Internet’

The metaverse is a real-time, three-dimensional world that is accessible through Virtual Reality (VR) head-mounted display. Called ‘the next Internet’, the metaverse is multi-technology and incorporates hardware infrastructure with immersive technology, blockchain technology, computer vision, and ubiquitous interfaces. Globally, metaverse is still in the nascent stage as stakeholders work to figure out its innovative and practical app

Exploring ways to strengthen India-Africa partnership
Oct 28, 2010

Exploring ways to strengthen India-Africa partnership

Taking note of the winds of change sweeping through the resource-rich and people-rich African continent, ORF organised a day-long round-table to unravel the implications of the resurgence of Africa for the India-Africa partnership.

Export-oriented growth in India would need policy changes at the state-level
Dec 10, 2020

Export-oriented growth in India would need policy changes at the state-level

India has a unique opportunity to capture the emerging trends of globalisation and realise the export potential of the states.

Exporting Indian healthcare workers to the world
Jul 14, 2021

Exporting Indian healthcare workers to the world

At a time when countries are closing borders and curbing migration, health workers are the exception.

Exports and e-commerce in India
Oct 24, 2017

Exports and e-commerce in India

This paper attempts to make a contribution in the context of the recent push in making India an e-empowered economy for promoting exports. The study stems from the premise that exports respond significantly to the costs associated with breaking into foreign markets and sustaining in those markets, whereas e-commerce offers a ready platform to minimise such costs. The empirical exercise focuses on export decision and export intensity, after adjust

Expressing concern: India's balancing act on Gaza
Aug 28, 2014

Expressing concern: India's balancing act on Gaza

India has moderated its position on the Israel-Palestine conflict over time, exchanging statements of condemnation for those "expressing concern". But behind India's strategic balancing act there also lies a precise domestic calculus.

Extreme Heat Events in India’s Cities: A Framework for Adaptive Action Plans
Jan 22, 2021

Extreme Heat Events in India’s Cities: A Framework for Adaptive Action Plans

Among the most severe consequences of climate change is the global rise in average temperatures, and the resultant increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Cities are particularly vulnerable to heatwaves as their high built density absorbs and retains heat, leading to higher temperatures than the surrounding areas and causing the ‘heat island’ effect. India’s northwest region routinely experiences abnormally hot days during the

Facial recognition in law enforcement is the litmus test for India’s commitment to “Responsible AI for All”
Oct 17, 2021

Facial recognition in law enforcement is the litmus test for India’s commitment to “Responsible AI for All”

Responsible and ethical AI is premised on an infrastructure of trust; it is imperative that accountability and governance frameworks establish transpa

Factoring Assam in the India–Bangladesh relations
Mar 25, 2021

Factoring Assam in the India–Bangladesh relations

Bilateral ties and engagements between India and Bangladesh help in exploring many new windows of possibilities for Assam, ranging from trade and comm

Family identifier in India: A health perspective
May 10, 2022

Family identifier in India: A health perspective

India should embrace the idea of a family health ID that can help in extending benefits of healthcare interventions to all.

Fast-Tracking the Flight of India’s Drone Industry
Aug 16, 2023

Fast-Tracking the Flight of India’s Drone Industry

India is keen to leverage its nascent civilian drone (or unmanned aerial vehicle) industry to become a global hub. Since 2021, it has built a conducive policy ecosystem to support the domestic drone industry. In what this brief collectively calls the ‘Drone Regulations 3.0’, it includes the liberalised Drone Rules 2021, a production linked incentive scheme, the unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management policy, the certification scheme for un

Fate of plural, democratic India
Mar 03, 2020

Fate of plural, democratic India

In a diverse polity like India, discriminatory policies based on identity and citizenship are evoking diverse forms of resistance.