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Peace Pipeline: The Next Dimension
May 29, 2004

Peace Pipeline: The Next Dimension

Nothing, with the exception of the Kashmir issue, has been more debated, researched and written about in the context of Indo Pak relations than the issue of the Iran-Pakistan-India Natural Gas pipeline in the last decade. From Onshore to Offshore options and international consortia and guarantees to people to contact, almost everything and anything has been tossed around and evaluated, yet to no avail. The pipeline still remains a pipe dream.

People are saving less
Jul 17, 2019

People are saving less

For the economy to revive, private demand has to bounce back.

People of South Asia want change?
Dec 31, 2013

People of South Asia want change?

The governments of the South Asian countries can cooperate to solve many of their problems, especially poverty alleviation and fighting corruption. It will bring about stability and good governance. Otherwise, when are people dissatisfied with their lives, they will demand change.

Pioneering progress: Exploring the frontiers of AI-driven growth
Feb 08, 2024

Pioneering progress: Exploring the frontiers of AI-driven growth

AI is undeniably causing disruptions across the board. However, a shift in narrative is required to view AI as a constructive force, focusing on its p

PLA joint exercises in Tibet: Implications for India
Feb 26, 2020

PLA joint exercises in Tibet: Implications for India

Since 2015, China has been undertaking a thorough restructuring of its military, under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. This has involved significant changes in the operational structure of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), with the modernisation and optimisation of the military to bring about better jointness and overall efficiency. This paper examines the PLA reforms as they pertain to training and jointness in the Tibet Autonomous R

PM could script a new chapter in Dhaka
Sep 01, 2011

PM could script a new chapter in Dhaka

Dr. Manmohan Singh's visit to Dhaka early September would undoubtedly be a 'game changer' for the India-Bangladesh relations which has been swaying between optimism and scepticism for quite sometime.

PMJAY कार्यक्रम: तमिलनाडु का हाइब्रिड मॉडल
Sep 14, 2022

PMJAY कार्यक्रम: तमिलनाडु का हाइब्रिड मॉडल

‘पीएमजय’ योजना ने तमिलनाडु में उम्मीदों को बढ़ाया है. हा�

Policy Imperatives for India’s Integration into Electronics GVCs
Aug 16, 2023

Policy Imperatives for India’s Integration into Electronics GVCs

Recent years have highlighted the global headwinds against China's increasingly aggressive moves in the Indo-Pacific region. Vulnerabilities associated with an overdependence on the country for several critical goods, including electronics, have exacerbated prevailing anti-China sentiments. This has provided the impetus for diversifying electronics supply chains, an opportunity India is well positioned to leverage. This brief assesses Ind

Post COVID19 Green Mobility: Time for a long-term vision for Electric Vehicles in India
May 11, 2023

Post COVID19 Green Mobility: Time for a long-term vision for Electric Vehicles in India

The Electric Vehicle (EV) segment in India has gathered momentum in recent years, but a mismatch in intent and action has resulted in limited on-ground adoption of EVs. However, the expected growth of the automobile sector (especially in the personal-mobility space), due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and people’s increased understanding of vehicular emissions, creates immense scope for the exponential growth of the EVs industry in India. Ess

Post-Benazir Pakistan may turn militant
Jan 05, 2008

Post-Benazir Pakistan may turn militant

At an Interaction of the ORF Chennai Chapter of the Observer Research Foundation on 5 January 2008, Mr K J M Varma, until recently the Special Correspondent of the Press Trust of India (PTI) at Islamabad, spoke on 'Pakistan after Benazir Bhutto'

Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Seven Priorities for India
Jan 14, 2021

Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Seven Priorities for India

This paper examines the pre-pandemic slowdown, and subsequent contraction, in Indian economy. Utilising an analysis of broad macroeconomic and sectoral fundamentals, the paper argues that a notable lack of consumption and investment demand had already persisted before the pandemic; COVID-19 heightened those trends. Henceforth, India’s economic revival will be crucially dependent on demand generation by direct government fiscal intervention. The

Poverty, Criminality, Extremism: The Interrelated Sources of Insecurity in Maldives
Aug 16, 2023

Poverty, Criminality, Extremism: The Interrelated Sources of Insecurity in Maldives

Maldives, or the Maldive islands in the north-central Indian Ocean, is widely regarded as a paradise by holiday-seekers from across the world. Yet, its own people are beset by severe issues of insecurity. This brief investigates the various threats to security in the island nation, primary of which is the massive income inequality. It outlines a political and religious history of the nation, and explores their influence in the current sta

Power and transformation: Jayantanuja Bandyopadhyaya’s hybrid International Relations theory
Aug 20, 2023

Power and transformation: Jayantanuja Bandyopadhyaya’s hybrid International Relations theory

This brief explores the work of the Bengali diplomat and academic Jayantanuja Bandyopadhyaya, whose book, The Making of Indian Foreign Policy (1970) is considered a classic in Indian scholarship in International Relations. It analyses Bandyopadhyaya’s distinctive contribution to IR theory, especially his attempt to craft a “hybrid” approach derived from Gandhi and Mao, on the one hand, and behavouralist systems theories, on the other. It

Prerequisites for effective space governance: Space Situational Awareness
Oct 13, 2021

Prerequisites for effective space governance: Space Situational Awareness

SSA analyses are essential prerequisites for verifying compliance with any robust space governance regime, and support space safety at a more basic le

President Medvedev's Visit
Feb 09, 2011

President Medvedev's Visit

President Medvedev's recent visit to India (December 21-22) has contributed to retrieving some of the ground being lost in India-Russia ties. A perception has been growing that the relevance of Russia to India has declined in the context of the changed international situation,

Prioritising MSMEs in India’s policy push for rooftop solar
Feb 02, 2024

Prioritising MSMEs in India’s policy push for rooftop solar

The focus on rooftop solar in the Union Budget 2024 has provided a strong impetus for the residential segment. A targeted scheme is also required to e

Privacy and security risks of digital payments
May 09, 2017

Privacy and security risks of digital payments

Digital financial services have benefits but pose privacy risks that harm consumers, merchants, markets, and nations alike. Some payments systems in India suffer from vulnerabilities because they were not prospectively designed on the basis of the ‘privacy by design’ principle. At the back-end, the centralised storage of data is risky. At the front-end, faulty capture devices enable data misuse. Across the middle mile, data is transmitted wit

Private sector protests exemplify fears of Rajasthan’s Right to Health legislation setting off a nationwide ripple effect
Mar 31, 2023

Private sector protests exemplify fears of Rajasthan’s Right to Health legislation setting off a nationwide ripple effect

Rajasthan’s Right to Health law mandating private hospitals to provide free emergency care has irked private medical practitioners who doubt government’s commitment to reimburse costs. But for citizens dreading medical expenses bankrupting them, the state covering for emergencies is a welcome safety net

Promoting Child Safety Online in the Time of COVID-19: The Indian and Australian Responses
Aug 14, 2023

Promoting Child Safety Online in the Time of COVID-19: The Indian and Australian Responses

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, there has been a surge in cases of online child sexual abuse and exploitation (OCSAE) in many parts of the world. This brief discusses the cases of India and Australia. It examines their efforts to combat the increased incidence of OCSAE resulting from greater use of the internet as movement was restricted in response to the pandemic. The brief focuses on India and Australia as bo

Promoting Efficiency in Power Generation in India: The Role of Imported-Coal-Based Plants
Aug 16, 2023

Promoting Efficiency in Power Generation in India: The Role of Imported-Coal-Based Plants

India is experiencing a surge in power demand owing to an expanding economy. Even as the country has embraced the idea of transitioning to clean renewable energy, its current demand for electricity can only be met by addressing the concerns surrounding coal-fired power plants. The goal of going green might be a medium- to long-term strategy that should be diligently pursued to avoid future crises. In the short term, however, focus should

Promoting Principles-Based Use of Technology in Humanitarian Assistance
Aug 16, 2023

Promoting Principles-Based Use of Technology in Humanitarian Assistance

The application of emerging technologies in humanitarian assistance has increased in recent years, and they have proven effective in delivering life-saving interventions to populations in need. In a fast-changing technological landscape, the use of such tools is only expected to increase further. At the same time, however, the use of technologies brings certain challenges, such as misuse of data and the spread of misinformation. This brie

Protecting Cancer Care through the Covid-19 Crisis and its Aftermath
May 24, 2023

Protecting Cancer Care through the Covid-19 Crisis and its Aftermath

The COVID-19 pandemic is taking an enormous toll on health systems across the world. A growing concern is that efforts to manage the pandemic are undermining care for serious non-Covid illnesses such as cancer. In the UK and US, for example, it is estimated that delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to COVID-19 will lead to excess cancer deaths in the range of tens of thousands within a year. In India, where health systems are weak, it is

Protests in China: चीन में कठोर प्रतिबंधों के ख़िलाफ प्रदर्शन के क्‍या हैं मायने?
Jul 28, 2023

Protests in China: चीन में कठोर प्रतिबंधों के ख़िलाफ प्रदर्शन के क्‍या हैं मायने?

Protests in China ऐसे में सवाल उठता है कि आखिर इस विरोध का असर चीन की �

Public digital platforms – the value co-creation imperative
Dec 16, 2022

Public digital platforms – the value co-creation imperative

Beyond trust in digital platforms, a key factor affecting adoption of platforms is that of “value co-creation”

Putin gives lessons in world politics
Mar 18, 2014

Putin gives lessons in world politics

The US would be foolish to deepen the new Cold War atmosphere by trying to isolate Russia over Ukraine developments. As for China, that option is simply not open to them any more. The reason is that the Americans need cooperation from Moscow to deal with Syria, Iran and Afghanistan.

Putin maintains firm grip on power ahead of 2024 presidential elections
Oct 19, 2021

Putin maintains firm grip on power ahead of 2024 presidential elections

The recent elections in Russia indicated that despite a minor fall in approval ratings, the United Party still enjoys huge support.

Qatar’s Stakes in an Evolving West Asia
Aug 17, 2023

Qatar’s Stakes in an Evolving West Asia

In November 2022, Qatar will become the first state in West Asia and the Arab world to host the coveted FIFA football World Cup. Doha’s winning the hosting rights has brought the country—home to only 2.9 million people, more than eight out of every ten of whom are foreign workers—out of the shadow of its large, and more powerful regional neighbours such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This brief views thi

Quad Vadis? A Risk Assessment of the Quad’s Emerging Cybersecurity Partnership
Aug 17, 2023

Quad Vadis? A Risk Assessment of the Quad’s Emerging Cybersecurity Partnership

The Quad’s growing effort to shape international norms and rules in the Indo-Pacific is taking place in an environment fraught with multiple challenges. China’s assertive rise as well as internal differences within the group pose significant risks to the plurilateral platform’s mission of creating a free, open, and secure Indo-Pacific. Focusing on the Quad’s cybersecurity cooperation, this brief examines the various internal and e

Quantum communications: ISRO makes progress, but China is ahead
Apr 03, 2021

Quantum communications: ISRO makes progress, but China is ahead

The only downside for India is whether states in the EU find it to be a sufficiently attractive actor with which to collaborate.

Ram to Ramdev, the continuing political void
Jun 06, 2011

Ram to Ramdev, the continuing political void

With the midnight melodrama involving the Delhi Police and Baba Ramdev, the issue of fighting corruption has been over-shadowed by the propriety of the police using excessive force to disrupt the peaceful crowd of people, who were sleeping in those tents after all.

Rand Paul's Libertarian view of the world
Jul 08, 2015

Rand Paul's Libertarian view of the world

Now thanks partly to Paul's bid for the Republican nomination, Libertarianism has become popular in American politics again. Tens of millions of Americans today are fiscally conservative, socially tolerant and sceptical of American military intervention abroad.

Rapidly increasing protests in rising China
Aug 23, 2011

Rapidly increasing protests in rising China

As China surges ahead economically, there have been a ten-fold increase in the civil unrests (from 1993 to 2005) which in China is described as "mass incidents". Such incidents hinge on the issues of unemployment, pensions, wages, corruption, tax collection problems, misuse of funds, etc.

Re-envisioning the future of Asian regionalism in the Post COVID19 era
May 25, 2020

Re-envisioning the future of Asian regionalism in the Post COVID19 era

The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear that global health crises are geopolitical events with far-reaching and long-lasting effects across the globe. It creates prodigious disruptions across economic, security, and social sectors, with spillover effects through trade, financial linkages, and tourism, to name the least. This essay argues that as the American-led order in Asia arguably falters, instead of China rushing to fill the post COVID-19 vacuu

Re-examining India’s Nuclear Doctrine
Sep 13, 2023

Re-examining India’s Nuclear Doctrine

This paper follows the proceedings of a workshop organised by ORF in August 2014 to re-examine India's nuclear doctrine. The workshop explored the challenges posed to India by Pakistan's introduction of battlefield nuclear weapons or Tactical Nuclear Weapons (TNWs), New Delhi's interest in acquiring a Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) system, and the growing threat perception from China.

Re-imagining Climate Finance
Aug 16, 2023

Re-imagining Climate Finance

The international community has been engaged in negotiations around climate finance for three decades now, and working definitions continue to assign the role of funder to advanced economies, and that of recipient, to emerging ones. This brief makes a case for expanding such narrow definitions. It calls on countries such as India to re-imagine not only the idea of climate finance but also the mechanisms of raising funds and the channels f

Reading 10 years of BRI from an African perspective
Oct 19, 2023

Reading 10 years of BRI from an African perspective

The BRI was conceptualised under the ethos of the Chinese proverb, “If you want to get rich, build roads first”; however, China is adapting its ap

Reading China’s approach to counterterrorism
Mar 03, 2021

Reading China’s approach to counterterrorism

With the absence of clarity in Chinese threat perceptions on terrorism, and next to no opportunities for independent corroboration of the same, Beijin

Realism, not rhetoric, should prevail at Dubai COP28
Nov 30, 2023

Realism, not rhetoric, should prevail at Dubai COP28

If the Kyoto Principles of “common but differentiated responsibility” are to be implemented, COP28 in Dubai must support the right of economies to

Reality check: Coal energy transition
Nov 28, 2023

Reality check: Coal energy transition

Running with what is available is better than waiting interminably for the best option Thus, starting off with blue hydrogen will be ideal to hasten I

Reboot ties with Dhaka
Jul 27, 2012

Reboot ties with Dhaka

Considering India's economic standing, a $2.9 billion loan for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge of Bangladesh would not have been a difficult proposition. If India finds this option too difficult, there are many other alternatives for India to help Bangladesh.

Rebuilding Indo-Pak relations through people-to-people interactions
Feb 21, 2019

Rebuilding Indo-Pak relations through people-to-people interactions

It is important to humanise the ‘other’ and move away from the stereotypical ‘enemy’ perception that have dominated Indo-Pak relations.

Reclaiming the Indo-Pacific: A political-military strategy for Quad 2.0
Mar 27, 2018

Reclaiming the Indo-Pacific: A political-military strategy for Quad 2.0

After a decade, officials from India, Japan, Australia and the United States convened in Manila in November 2017 to renew their quadrilateral cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. While the agenda of the quad is still unknown, this paper presents a political-military strategy for the grouping directed at shaping Chinese behaviour in the region. Viewing strategy through the ends-means-ways lens, the paper describes key objectives of dissuasion, deterre

Recycling Li-ion batteries: Opportunities and challenges
Jun 24, 2020

Recycling Li-ion batteries: Opportunities and challenges

The opportunity at hand is threefold — to create skilled jobs in recycling units, curb environmental implications of dumping and ensure a positive

Rediscovering Mumbai as a global entrepôt
Jan 30, 2021

Rediscovering Mumbai as a global entrepôt

Leveraging Mumbai’s strengths as a financial powerhouse will require regulatory changes and resolving taxation laws’ complexities.

Redrawing India-Latin America Relations in the 21st Century
Apr 19, 2023

Redrawing India-Latin America Relations in the 21st Century

India and Latin America have never been more economically relevant to each other than they are today, with trade reaching an all-time high of US$50 billion in 2022. Key to improved economic ties in the recent few years is the heightened political will on both sides. Today there is a sense of optimism that India and the countries of Latin America can continue on this upward trajectory in the coming years of the 21st century. While the private sect

Reform to retain ‘emerging market economy’ tag
Sep 09, 2019

Reform to retain ‘emerging market economy’ tag

India aspires to be a developed country by 2047 which may or may not be possible. For the present, vigorous reforms will be needed.