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Liberia’s presidential runoff: A test for its fragile democracy
Nov 22, 2023

Liberia’s presidential runoff: A test for its fragile democracy

The recent peaceful election in Liberia offers a glimmer of optimism for the continent otherwise shaken by coups

Like Sisyphus, gold mountain too high to scale
Nov 09, 2015

Like Sisyphus, gold mountain too high to scale

The NDA Government has launched a fresh gold monetisation scheme, but skeptics aren't convinced that this will succeed where others in the past have failed abysmally. Till the scheme is made much more lucrative and perhaps mandatory in some form, it is doubtful that this scheme will perform better than the earlier ones.

Likely impact of emerging technologies on India’s nuclear arsenal
May 10, 2023

Likely impact of emerging technologies on India’s nuclear arsenal

The use and deployment of nuclear weapons must firmly remain in the hands of human beings and never be delegated to any technological marvel, no matte

Limited platforms to resolve US-China nuclear issues
May 06, 2013

Limited platforms to resolve US-China nuclear issues

While there are fears in both the US and China about each other on the nuclear issue, the platforms to resolve the issues and dispel hostile perceptions were limited, says Dr. Lora Saalman, Carnegie's Beijing-based Nuclear Policy Program scholar.

Liquefied petroleum gas: A credible substitute to natural gas?  
Aug 26, 2023

Liquefied petroleum gas: A credible substitute to natural gas?  

Promoting industrial use of LPG, a relatively clean, alternative fuel with modular packaging and transportation features can serve India’s economic

Liquefied petroleum gas: Supply challenges in India
Nov 24, 2023

Liquefied petroleum gas: Supply challenges in India

Growth in demand for LPG is slowing down and supply challenges could add to the pressure on demand for LPG in India.

Locating the Madrasa in 21st-Century India
Apr 01, 2021

Locating the Madrasa in 21st-Century India

Madrasas in India offer basic literacy to millions of mostly poor Muslims, generally free of cost; they also serve as safe spaces for the preservation of Islamic culture. In many areas across the country, madrasas are the only option for poor Muslim families to provide their children basic education. This brief evaluates current madrasa education in India and identifies specific weaknesses that hamper its modernisation. It recommends remedial mea

Lokpal Bill: Some Thoughts
Sep 03, 2011

Lokpal Bill: Some Thoughts

After Sweden introduced the office of the Lokpal or Ombudsman in 1809, 125 countries across the world have enacted statutory laws for the creation of such an institution to tackle the problem of corruption and bring in accountability.

Look beyond Brazil in Latin America: Expert
Mar 10, 2018

Look beyond Brazil in Latin America: Expert

Several misconceptions exist in India about Latin America and the Caribbean Islands. India’s knowledge of these countries is restricted to news coverage.

Look East Policy compulsions
Feb 07, 2013

Look East Policy compulsions

India as an external power is keen to play the role of a credible stabilising factor in the South China Sea region and cannot afford to be ambivalent. The advantages of taking a stand are many. Such a venture in the South China Sea will give India strategic leverage. Hence joining the fray is not an option but an imperative to safeguard our strategic interests and aspirations.

Loopholes and lawfulness: De-escalating tensions in the South China Sea
Mar 04, 2022

Loopholes and lawfulness: De-escalating tensions in the South China Sea

Can the delineation between sovereignty and sovereign rights facilitate the adoption of measures to de-escalate tensions in the South China Sea?

Lula 3.0- लुला की तीसरी पारी: विश्व मंच पर ब्राज़ील की वापसी
Jul 26, 2023

Lula 3.0- लुला की तीसरी पारी: विश्व मंच पर ब्राज़ील की वापसी

तीसरी बार राष्ट्रपति बनने के बाद लुला (Lula) ने ब्राज़ील की घ�

Macron’s second term will be harder – his centrism pushed opponents to extreme Left & Right
May 03, 2022

Macron’s second term will be harder – his centrism pushed opponents to extreme Left & Right

If Macron loses control of the National Assembly in June, he may be forced into an uneasy co-habitation that will limit his policy options. He knows that.

Madrid Probe Moves Forward
Mar 15, 2004

Madrid Probe Moves Forward

They help investigation by facilitating interception of conversations and by providing a record of calls made if recovered intact after the commission of an offence.

Maharshatra's Electric Vehicle policy: Challenges with planning and implementation
Feb 09, 2022

Maharshatra's Electric Vehicle policy: Challenges with planning and implementation

The policy speed bumps in the planning and implementation of states’ EV policies need to be addressed to achieve nationwide adoption

Mainstreaming Gender in India-Africa Partnership for Energy Access
Jul 05, 2021

Mainstreaming Gender in India-Africa Partnership for Energy Access

The seventh of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. This challenge is acute in the African continent, home to large populations without access to electricity and clean cooking fuel. This brief explores the scope for cooperation between India and Africa in not only achieving SDG 7, but while doing so, also considering the targets set by SDG 5 to

Majority of Americans disapprove of Obama's foreign policy
Apr 01, 2014

Majority of Americans disapprove of Obama's foreign policy

Talking about Americans' perceptions about the Obama administration's foreign policy, Mr Bruce Stokes, Director for Global Economic Attitudes at Pew Research Center, US, said 53% of Americans disapproved of his handling of foreign policy.

Maldives: मालदीव के लिए क़र्ज़ का बोझ उठा पाना मुश्किल हो सकता है!
Jul 27, 2023

Maldives: मालदीव के लिए क़र्ज़ का बोझ उठा पाना मुश्किल हो सकता है!

विश्व अर्थव्यवस्था की विकास दर गिरने के चलते मालदीव की स�

Managing Expectations: Explainable A.I. and its Military Implications
Aug 16, 2023

Managing Expectations: Explainable A.I. and its Military Implications

The rapid uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) in the military in the past couple decades has been accompanied by a slow but gradual build-up in attempts to understand how these AI systems work to achieve better results in military operations. The idea behind what is called ‘eXplainable AI’ (XAI), and the technologies driving it, are a manifestation of this trend. The question, however, is if XAI in its current form is the solution

Manifestos as a Tool for Accountability: A Content Analysis of the 2004-2019 UPA and NDA Poll Manifestos
Aug 14, 2023

Manifestos as a Tool for Accountability: A Content Analysis of the 2004-2019 UPA and NDA Poll Manifestos

This brief analyses the manifestos of the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party in the past four Lok Sabha elections. It introduces the concept of “falsifiability” to evaluate whether promises made in manifestos can be verified, to begin with; it then outlines the poll promises that are falsifiable across various sectors. The authors examine whether or not the promises were fulfilled, and if not, if they were carried aga

Mapping out State response to Left Wing Extremism
Nov 27, 2012

Mapping out State response to Left Wing Extremism

Attempting to map out key trends emerging from the state intervention to contain the rise of left-wing extremism in India, Observer Research Foundation organised a panel discussion on "State Response to Left-Wing Extremism: A Report Card".

Maritime Security and Development in the South-West Indian Ocean Region: Harnessing India’s Engagement with Small Island Developing States
Jul 21, 2023

Maritime Security and Development in the South-West Indian Ocean Region: Harnessing India’s Engagement with Small Island Developing States

In recent years, the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) of the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) region have emerged as vital security and developmental partners in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR)—thereby gaining prominence in India’s foreign policy priorities. This paper examines India’s bilateral and multilateral engagement with the SIDS of the SWIO region, and argues that India should consider the concerns of the

Maritime Security in the Bay of Bengal: Obstacles and Opportunities
May 14, 2024

Maritime Security in the Bay of Bengal: Obstacles and Opportunities

This paper examines security collaboration in the Bay of Bengal. It argues that despite increased cooperation in the maritime domain, the security perceptions of Bay states differ significantly, arising primarily from disagreements associated with China’s presence in the region. Crucially, the Bay states are wary of being seen as siding with India to counterbalance China. Even in nontraditional security areas where cooperation is readily possib

MDP decision revives hopes on Roadmap Talks
Aug 14, 2012

MDP decision revives hopes on Roadmap Talks

MDP's decision to call off the daily protest demonstrations, demanding early presidential polls, has revived the hopes of early resumption of the All-Party Roadmap Talks, initiated by President Mohammed Waheed Hassan at the instance of Indian Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai in March.

Media management and regulation in 2021: Perspectives from Egypt
Jan 08, 2021

Media management and regulation in 2021: Perspectives from Egypt

There have been clear attempts from both the public and private sectors to change the use of their media outlets from entity-based benefits to public-

Media regulation: Is status quo the answer
Jan 14, 2013

Media regulation: Is status quo the answer

Participants at a seminar on "Media regulation: Is Status Quo the Option?" said India cannot afford to be an exception among democracies, with no regulation of cross-holdings in the media. Editorial independence is indispensable if the right to freedom of expression is to be effectively exercised.

Mental Health and Technology: The Case of Africa
Aug 14, 2023

Mental Health and Technology: The Case of Africa

The growing concern for mental health has only heightened in the past two years, amidst the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. This brief tells the story of Africa where, in many communities, the subject of mental health can often be a taboo. It discusses the role of the internet in helping individuals manage their mental health issues, while at the same time, posing its own challenges, especially those related to extensive use of social media.

Message from the South
Feb 19, 2011

Message from the South

Corruption indulged in by late Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy in Andhra Pradesh was allegedly phenomenal, and since he died in a helicopter crash and left behind a legend, all allegations against him are now forgotten.

Migration, river management, radicalisation: What does the future hold for India-Bangladesh relations?
May 12, 2020

Migration, river management, radicalisation: What does the future hold for India-Bangladesh relations?

India and Bangladesh’s relationship has been growing steadily over the past few years, especially since Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came to power in January 2009. In 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the relationship as being in its “golden era (Sonali Adhyay).” Indeed, Bangladesh is at the centre of India’s flagship ‘Neighbourhood First’ and ‘Act East’ policies, and has been crucial in ensuring peace

Military cares; does the State?
Oct 28, 2016

Military cares; does the State?

PM Modi and Manohar Parrikar have lately been attempting to set the record straight about the issue of disability pension of the military.

Military expansion among ASEAN members
Aug 23, 2023

Military expansion among ASEAN members

The changing world order and the growing Chinese aggression in the SCS have compelled the ASEAN countries to increase their military expenditures

Minding the labour market gaps: Fiscal measures and beyond
Oct 30, 2020

Minding the labour market gaps: Fiscal measures and beyond

Governments need to use expansionary fiscal policies to diminish the huge loss in consumption demand due to the sharp rise in global unemployment.

Mired in a power tussle
Jan 09, 2015

Mired in a power tussle

The Himalayan nation is far from resolving its governance woes more than five years after the democratisation and a change of elected government. If charges of corruption against government functionaries were not enough,

Modelling Decarbonisation Pathways for the Indian Economy
Nov 09, 2021

Modelling Decarbonisation Pathways for the Indian Economy

This brief explores four scenarios of climate action for India using a systems dynamics model called the Energy Policy Simulator for India. It investigates policy trade-offs and co-benefits and estimates the costs of climate action. It finds that deep decarbonisation in the Indian economy is possible while also boosting jobs and GDP and avoiding millions of premature deaths due to harmful air pollution. The low-carbon transition will require mass

Modern Geopolitics: A Race Through Chaos to Stability
Jul 27, 2021

Modern Geopolitics: A Race Through Chaos to Stability

The evolving contours of modern geopolitics is still in a state of flux, and there is wisdom in accepting the notion that the end result is perhaps indeterminable. The age of disruption is here, countries that thrive on disorder may do well in the short term, while nations who invest in stability may well define the future of globalisation and, indeed, the new world order

Modi and Buddhism: Between Cultural and Faith-Based Diplomacy
Nov 30, 2015

Modi and Buddhism: Between Cultural and Faith-Based Diplomacy

India has always been shy of adding a religious tint to its foreign policy. In the last decade, however, the aspiring global power began engaging in what has come to be called 'Buddhist diplomacy' in its outreach to countries in the South, East and Southeast Asia. 􀀫e prime minister is diligently pursuing India's 'Buddhist agenda' and taking it beyond its borders, emphasising the Indian and Hindu links with Buddhism. Concurrently, another Asian

Modi courts Trump with flying colors
Jun 28, 2017

Modi courts Trump with flying colors

Once again, Modi proves his skeptics wrong.

Modi factor in Indian politics
Jun 28, 2013

Modi factor in Indian politics

The Modi factor disturbed the Congress party also to some extent. Though Jairam Ramesh had called Modi as "India's first authentic fascist", his description that Modi might prove a challenge to the Congress in 2014 did not go well with a Congress veteran who went to the extent of saying that if Ramesh felt so, he might as well resign and join Modi.

Modi has a big hand in Obama’s success on the India front
Jan 21, 2017

Modi has a big hand in Obama’s success on the India front

Silencing both critics and skeptics, Modi had categorically stated that “relations between the two countries cannot be determined or be even remotely influenced by incidents related to individuals.”

Modi in Cairo: Pulling India–Egypt ties out of a deep freeze
Jun 27, 2023

Modi in Cairo: Pulling India–Egypt ties out of a deep freeze

Modi’s visit to Egypt offers a strong platform to build a relationship in the changing world order

Modi must moderate the Sangh
Dec 18, 2014

Modi must moderate the Sangh

Narendra Modi came to power with an unexceptional agenda: push economic growth; transform the infrastructure; bring about a social transformation. But this agenda appears to be in danger of being drowned out by a cacophony of voices from Hindutva organisations.

Modi shines on world stage, labours at home
Apr 30, 2015

Modi shines on world stage, labours at home

The Government's honeymoon is perhaps already over and realistically it has another 6 to 12 months to start putting flesh on the bare-bone schemes and ideas announced this past year. If these do not eventuate, one may well witness emptier stadiums abroad and hear shriller voices at home.

Modi's critical moment: What can India learn from Brazil?
Dec 09, 2014

Modi's critical moment: What can India learn from Brazil?

Under Modi, India must find the right balance between a strong national leadership, popular expectations for change and an optimistic vision of progress. Change can certainly be achieved, but Indians need more than just the will of a strong leader.

Modi's energy literacy tested by challenges of introducing 'rainbow vision'
Jun 24, 2014

Modi's energy literacy tested by challenges of introducing 'rainbow vision'

India's new Prime Minister Narendra Modi faces a tough challenge in balancing cost-optimisation for ordinary people while mitigating environmental risks, meeting the needs of stakeholders and interest groups from energy companies to activists to regular folk who rest their hopes on his electoral promises of cheaper, cleaner and safer power.

Modi's regionalism
Nov 26, 2014

Modi's regionalism

To improve South Asian regional cooperation, Modi has three options. The first is to focus on a two-speed Saarc. The second is to build on transregional institutions like the BIMSTEC. However, it is the third way -- unilateral action -- that offers Modi the greatest opportunity. For example, Modi has already proposed to build a Saarc satellite for use by its neighbours.

Modi's Sri Lanka visit
Mar 27, 2015

Modi's Sri Lanka visit

For a bilateral visit at the highest-level after an undesirable and inexplicable gap of 28 long years, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's three-day tour of Sri Lanka was noted as much for what it achieved as for the optics.

Modi's US visit and Indian nuclear conundrum
Sep 26, 2014

Modi's US visit and Indian nuclear conundrum

The question remains as to how the Modi government will choose to address nuclear liability issue, balancing both the supplier and the domestic concerns. Dilution of the Liability Act is not an option, which is an important lesson learnt globally.

Modi-Hasina virtual summit celebrating the bond
Dec 17, 2020

Modi-Hasina virtual summit celebrating the bond

The success of any high-level interaction between India and Bangladesh is always measured in the level of tangibles. The virtual summit will not be an