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Little is known and even less understood about the 2,00,000-strong Bangladesh Army's corporate interests. The importance of the subject owes itself to the fact that the army has been a veritable power of stability in a country that has been dogged by decades of unending political turmoil. The fact that the Army had to step in to keep the country from slipping into a political abyss in 2006 underlines the criticality of its role in providing stabi
The threat from an aggressive China is ending Germany’s geopolitical coquetry
For multilateralism to be credible, the Biden administration will need to reconsolidate a US political consensus on global engagement and persuade for
The biggest takeaway of this election is that Brazil’s conservative political movement, underpinned by the “beef, bible, and bullets” trifecta,
A major reason for the BJP’s latest posture is that it has nothing to offer by way of a political dialogue.
Right-wing populism has been the most influential political movement in Europe for the last few years. Far from being a newcomer on the political stage, it has managed to shape political discourses as never before since the end of World War II. This paper identifies what right-wing populism is and why right-wing populist parties have again become relevant in almost every European country. It argues that it is an expression of, and a reaction
The cabinet government has its own character and style of decision-making given India’s evolving party system and the emerging nature of political l
In the long run, the truckers’ protests could lead to economic and political instability.
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc across the globe since the first outbreak in 2019, causing massive losses in lives and livelihoods. This brief examines the nature of the threat, the blind-spots in global health security that were revealed by the pandemic, and why a values-based geopolitical order is critical for the world’s future. It makes a case for the global community to treat health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as global
How are the Central Asian countries affected by the West’s sanctions on Russia?
Qatar aims to be a political power broker in the Middle East as witnessed by its efforts in brokering the temporary Israel-Hamas truce. However, with
This Issue Brief aims to deconstruct the Centre-State fiscal relationship by describing the current status quo and the criticisms. It gives recommendations to correct and update the relationship such that it reflects the changed fiscal structure of the country, its States and its people.
India and Nepal must return to the core strength of their unique social, cultural, strategic, political, and economic ties
Mohamed Muizzu was sworn in as the seventh president of the Maldives in November 2023 after intense electoral competition with seven other candidates and a highly competitive second round. However, his administration’s five-year term will not be without challenges. Muizzu’s rise to power comes at a time when the archipelago is experiencing significant domestic and strategic challenges. As the Maldives gears up for parliamentary elections in l
Bhutan has historically maintained a neutral relationship with China, to its north, and a more special relationship with India, whose states border its west, east, and south. Over the past two decades, however, many factors are forcing Bhutan to settle its longstanding territorial disputes with China and diversify its relations. These factors include its own changing economy and transition from an absolute monarchy to a democracy, a gener
In the evolving geopolitical dynamic after Covid, India should side with democracies.
China’s role in reshaping the political milieu in many countries is causing a sense of unease
New Delhi seems to be signalling that Bejing’s rise in the Indo-Pacific has to be tackled politically and economically
Despite the current economic and political upheaval in Pakistan, the Sino-Pakistani strategic nexus remains stable
The Congress is confronted with an existential crisis that on the one hand threatens to make the country’s oldest party extinct and on the other pro
While Israel-Saudi normalisation will bring a long-standing divide to an end on paper, in practice, a full gambit of regional situations will need to
The Indian government’s “Smart Cities Mission” aims to drive economic growth and improve quality of life through “smart” solutions for the delivery of infrastructure and services. This is expected to transform living spaces, enhance quality of life, and provide employment opportunities, in turn helping reduce crime rates and promoting law and order. Among the challenges to the “Smart Cities” programme is terrorism—especially in ur
The current Sri Lankan political environment is ripe for transformations in power structures, economic policy, and citizen involvement
Myanmar's path to a disciplined democratic government is paved with obstacles set by the 2008 Constitution.
As India finds itself in the middle of a new cold war between the United States and China, protecting its esteemed democratic values should be at the
Russia is now the world’s most heavily sanctioned country, with unprecedented punitive action targeting its energy exports, central bank, and other sectors. Given Russia’s economic resilience amid such economic restrictions and India’s dependence on Russia for its defence and energy requirements, this issue brief highlights the economic rationale for New Delhi to maintain existing trade ties with Moscow despite continued geopolitical pressu
Prevention must mean more than the detection of people at risk of radicalised behaviour, it should rely on the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
The 2024 Pakistani elections is a significant indicator of the increasing vulnerability of the military in the nation's political landscape and the po
The impact of Indo-Russian relations on the domestic and foreign policies of India from the 1960s is difficult to underestimate. The USSR was instrumental in helping independent India industrialise, develop its scientific potential, and defend its territorial integrity. The Indo-Russian relationship developed a level of trust between two independent countries that was unprecedented in international affairs. The collapse of the USSR negatively aff
With the current political crisis, it is no surprise that EU is meticulously reviewing Pakistan’s GSP+ status
Brussel’s faith in China fulfilling its end of the pact reveals a myopia that will weaken the EU geopolitically
The recent update released by the EU on its Economic Security Strategy is aimed at positioning it as a geopolitical as well as a geoeconomic bloc
In the past, India has managed a successful balancing act in a tripolar West Asia. Now, the restructuring of West Asia’s geopolitical landscape has
The fall of Nagorno-Karabakh could lead to the rise of a new geopolitical order in the Caucasus and beyond
Whoever wins the November election, the structural constraints that affect US foreign policy behaviour will remain. China will remain a key rival, rel
What does it mean to speak of an ‘Indian’ approach to international affairs? Indian International Relations (IR) is commonly presented as merely a derivative of ‘western’ disciplinary traditions in Europe and North America. This obscures the vast body of work on political science and international thought that emerged from the beginning of the 20th century amongst South Asian intellectuals, scholars, and activists. This forgotten history
The rapid growth in military cyber capabilities of the countries in the Indo-Pacific combined with the use of assets from the cyberwarfare toolbox—in domestic and interstate contexts—is adding uncertainty to already competitive political, military, and economic relations. This issue brief assesses the cyberwarfare context in the Indo-Pacific, and reviews the military cyber capabilities of the region’s countries and their commitment to inter
The rapid growth in military cyber capabilities of the countries in the Indo-Pacific combined with the use of assets from the cyberwarfare toolbox—in domestic and interstate contexts—is adding uncertainty to already competitive political, military, and economic relations. This issue brief assesses the cyberwarfare context in the Indo-Pacific, and reviews the military cyber capabilities of the region’s countries and their commitment to inter
In August 2021, Kabul fell to the Taliban, marking their return nearly 20 years since they first ruled Afghanistan in the mid-1990s. This report examines the prospects of restarting India’s engagements in Afghanistan under the current Taliban regime. It builds on the insights shared during an exclusive, virtual roundtable organised by ORF’s Centre for New Economic Diplomacy (CNED) in September 2021, and makes a case for India to consider the
What are the emerging geopolitical implications of water sharing of the Brahmaputra between China and India?
The global climate finance architecture tends to restrain emerging economies from mobilising and accessing global private commercial capital for energy transition. This brief explores the different global financial regulations that influence climate capital flows between countries, and argues that institutions must enhance their role in facilitating the optimal allocation of capital. It evaluates the role of Multilateral Development Banks from a
Asia’s growing space race is indicative of the larger geopolitical competition in the region. China’s rise and the strategic uncertainties it has created are particularly worrying to India and Japan, leading to surprisingly fast-growing India-Japan strategic cooperation.
The idea was to capture the different dimensions of the war on terror as has been perceived and to locate the war in the larger geo political context in order to appreciate and understand the consequences, according to Dr Ashley Tellis, a well-known senior US policy analyst.
The American political landscape has been witnessing a great divide due to the growing immigration problem and the US’ support to ongoing wars.
The deepening of the divide between and within the US’s principal political parties foreshadows a deeply fractured presidential election
The political funding reforms are an embarrassment to India’s claims of heralding a transparency revolution
While the Green Deal underscores the ‘whole of EU’ approach, it remains to be seen how the EU can adapt its external efforts to ensure a just tran
