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JeM’s women-centric online jihad course reveals how Pakistan’s digital and ideological ecosystems continue to enable extremism under the cloak of

As climate change intensifies risks along the world’s coastlines, inclusive approaches to water governance and the blue economy are essential for bu

India stands at a pivotal point in its attempt to enter the generative AI race. By backing domestic compute capacity, coupled with indigenous models a

The Open Network model marks a major shift in digital commerce, targeting inefficiencies and market concentration in traditional platform ecosystems

India’s mega-plan for Great Nicobar promises maritime might—but highlights the caveats for endangered species, tribal rights, and fragile ecosyste

कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता म्हणजेच एआयसंबंधित धोके आणि सुरक्ष

The software supply chain is often overlooked in discussions of AI risks and security, calling for sustainable and secure ecosystem governance

इंडो-पॅसिफिक क्षेत्रात चीनच्या वाढत्या तैनाती व खोल समु�

India’s fintech sector is witnessing robust growth, and the optimism around fintech in the country is likely to increase as structured countrywide f

China’s civilian research deployments for deep seabed mining in the Indo-Pacific are a cause for concern and a call for cooperation

Maritime governance must centre coastal communities; South Africa has taken crucial steps towards addressing the challenges faced by these communities

The government should focus on linking established startup clusters with emerging hubs, rather than creating new ecosystems in new areas in a bid to c

The ambitious targets of the city climate action plans will be challenging to achieve unless they focus on conserving and revitalising the bird divers

ডিজিটাল উদ্ভাবনী বাস্তুতন্ত্রগুলি বিশ্বব্যাপী উন্নয়�

सुंदरबनच्या संवर्धनासाठी नवी दिल्ली आणि ढाका सातत्याने

Despite efforts by New Delhi and Dhaka to conserve the Sundarbans, institutional safeguards do not effectively translate into on-the-ground protection

जागतिक विकासासाठी डिजिटल इनोव्हेशनची इकोसिस्टम आवश्यक

डिजिटल आविष्कार के इकोसिस्टम वैश्विक विकास के लिए आवश्य�

Digital innovation ecosystems are crucial for global development, but balanced growth requires adaptive capacity to optimise their performance

लोकांच्या आणि पृथ्वीच्या आरोग्य विषयक नियमांची चौकट एक�

Constitutional provisions for the right to health cannot be realised without integrating frameworks for the health of people and the planet.

The use of digital twin technologies in renewable energy ecosystems will benefit producers, consumers, and governments alike

भारत को महिलाओं के सशक्तिकरण के प्रति अपने वादे को पूरा क�

The data landscape across the G20 remains highly uneven, with some countries being able to effectively harness D4D while others experience significant

Concerted efforts need to be undertaken to close the gender data gap before gender bias becomes an inextricable part of emerging generative AI ecosyst

By combining the power of AI with the wisdom of native intelligence, more effective climate actions can be developed

The politicisation of the water issues of the Indus system has overshadowed the much-required integrated basin governance

मालदीव की कई सरकारों ने हाल के वर्षों में बढ़ते कट्टरपंथ �

West Asia’s geostrategic shift can be witnessed as the Middle Eastern countries increasingly develop closer ties with China

Blue bonds, like green bonds, can catalyse global capital to work towards the conservation of our marine ecosystems

As the ecosystem evolves and companies mature, there are dire requirements for the next phase of innovation driven growth.

What does the quest by Chinese companies for "top-to-bottom" domination of digital platforms mean for India?

Crowdfunding is a concept that refers to an open call for finances, often for innovative or unique projects and campaigns. Crowdfunding platforms act as intermediators between supporter and project, investor and investee, or lender and lendee. The platforms intermediate this process by arranging the payment process between the parties. This brief outlines the benefits of crowdfunding for improving access to financing for small and medium enterpri

This paper argues in favour of integrating valuation of ecosystem services in development policy planning in India. The paper presents three cases where monetary values of ecosystem services have been estimated to illustrate the significance of the exercise: the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in Uttarakhand, the Kunigal Wetlands in Karnataka, and the Indian Sundarbans Delta (ISD) in West Bengal. The first two cases highlight the ecosystem-livelihoods

The management of fish stocks along the Bengal coast has traditionally relied on the formula of dictating where, when, and how much to catch of one particular kind of fish to mitigate the risk of stock depletion. This paper argues that this conventional approach is inadequate in dealing with the multitude of threats, both local and global, posed by anthropogenic interventions in the natural systems and processes. It builds a case for an Ecosystem

The geographical and socioeconomic characteristics of small island developing states (SIDS) expose them to unique challenges. Climate change, in particular, poses a severe threat to SIDS, with rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and changing precipitation patterns negatively affecting their ecosystems, economies, and communities. This brief assesses the challenges faced by SIDS in accessing traditional climate financing and analyses the effec

The Observer Research Foundation’s first Tech Huddle was held on 23 November 2023 and focused on the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) in India, highlighting the rapid growth and adoption of AI as well as the complexities associated with developing regulatory frameworks for it. AI governance is in its infancy, both globally and in India, and grapples with issues such as the explainability of AI systems as well as the embedded biases, s

The European Union’s (EU) and India’s paths towards becoming “cyber powers” could hardly be more different. The EU has a long tradition of protecting personal privacy rights and patents, while urging to enhance multilateral norms on cyberspace. India’s thinking on cybersecurity has continuously been boosted by the cyber threats emerging from China and Pakistan. It has further been shaped by India’s domestic Information Technology indu

Evolving, stealthier submarines are driving maritime nations to invest in strategic uncrewed anti-submarine warfare (ASW) technologies. Advancements in sensor technology, digitalisation, data analytics, and machine learning—leveraging inputs from multiple uncrewed autonomous systems—are enabling AI-powered digital twins. Based on data from land, sea, air, space, and cyber systems, these twins can support a Centralised Command, Control, and In

India’s demographic advantage presents a strategic window of opportunity to build a globally competitive and future-ready workforce. This demands that traditional education systems evolve to equip young learners with transferable and job-relevant competencies, commonly referred to as ‘21st-century skills’. Anchored in the context of India’s socio-economic and policy landscape, this paper outlines a strategic framework for integrating 21st

Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide benefits such as flood control, water purification, and biodiversity conservation. In India, however, wetlands are threatened by pollution, encroachment, and rampant real estate development. This brief assesses the East Kolkata Wetlands to illustrate the challenges of preserving urban wetlands in India. It also presents recommendations to establish more comprehensive wetlands management and conservat

The treatment of mental health disorders is a difficult task due to the highly subjective nature of each case, the varying efficacy of drugs available, and the social stigma associated with mental illness. In India, the treatment gap is steep, but it can be reduced in a number of ways: through concerted efforts by the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries on novel drug development; by leveraging allied technologies such as data science, art

The integration of Science, Technology and Innovation goals into national policies helps achieve sustained economic and social development. This brief examines the key parameters that govern the global and Indian innovation ecosystems: research investment, education policy, researcher density, publication output, number of patents registered, and the startup environment. It finds that certain elements are crucial in developing a robust strategic

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), recognised for its cost-effective and co-beneficial advantages, is seeing a global uptake. However, the number and scale of EbA projects remain limited compared to the opportunities offered by India’s diverse ecosystems and indigenous practices. While lack of funding is a direct cause, the small scale of existing EbA projects also fails to attract funding. Breaking this cycle requires addressing other mechanism