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India to launch first simulated space warfare exercise
Jun 12, 2019

India to launch first simulated space warfare exercise

Reports of a tabletop war game speak to India’s ongoing efforts to develop its space policy.

India to lose out in new-era wars
Jan 08, 2019

India to lose out in new-era wars

China’s Xi exhorting PLA to expedite reforms, Indian political leadership unenthused

India's Silent War
Dec 26, 2011

India's Silent War

It's now a battle to the finish. The amazing diversity of the digital world is seen as a threat by a coterie of bureaucrats who are going all out to annihilate it.

India, Israel and the Gaza war
Jul 17, 2014

India, Israel and the Gaza war

India can leverage its traditional closeness to the Palestinians as well as its current friendly ties with Israel to help advance the peace process, even if in a small way. But this requires care and finesse, which is unlikely to be found in the parliamentary din.

India, Pakistan need to shift focus towards CBMs
Jun 24, 2014

India, Pakistan need to shift focus towards CBMs

India and Pakistan need to begin a dialogue on economic and military relations. It will be a challenge for both countries to balance the provision of security for its populations with the need to create the enabling environment for economic and social development and growth.

India-Bangladesh Relations: Finding a Way Forward
May 11, 2023

India-Bangladesh Relations: Finding a Way Forward

India has a stake in Bangladesh not only for the security of its eastern borders but also for other strategic advantages. Therefore, it cannot afford to let go of the recently achieved opportunity to break away from the past trajectory and establish new contours of engagement with Bangladesh. In many ways, this is a rare opportunity for both the countries to talk with each other and resolve differences.

India-Maldives ties moving forward
Nov 25, 2011

India-Maldives ties moving forward

Despite the deep divisions within the Maldivian polity, which often gets reflected in Parliament, Maldives offered a near-full House when Singh became the first visiting Head of Government to address the People's Majlis (Parliament).

India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor: Towards a New Discourse in Global Connectivity
Apr 09, 2024

India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor: Towards a New Discourse in Global Connectivity

This report presents an initial stocktaking of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) announced in 2023 following a meeting in New Delhi between the leaders of India, the US, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Italy, France, Germany, and the European Commission. Given that the participating economies contribute to almost half of the global GDP, there are many opportunities and challenges associated with the economic corridor.

India-Saudi Arabia relations must move forward to a genuine strategic partnership
Apr 25, 2013

India-Saudi Arabia relations must move forward to a genuine strategic partnership

The Fourth India-Saudi Arabia Workshop held recently in Delhi felt that India must play an active role in ensuring peace and stability in the region, which should not be limited to maritime security. It also stressed the need to move forward the relationship to a genuine strategic partnership.

India’s Enduring War of Water Governance Paradigms
Feb 23, 2021

India’s Enduring War of Water Governance Paradigms

This brief examines the silent “water war” being waged in India in the form of conflicts over two opposing paradigms in water governance: the reductionist, colonial engineering paradigm, and the emerging, holistic paradigm of integrated water governance. The brief highlights the paradigm debate at the global scale, and outlines the canons of the integrated approach, contrasting it with the reductionist approach using examples in India. It mak

India’s Small Satellite Mission: Time for the Next Leap Forward
Apr 04, 2015

India’s Small Satellite Mission: Time for the Next Leap Forward

The paper analyses small satellite activities within India in various institutions and identifies the opportunities as well as the gaps.

Indo-Pak Dialogue Process: Moving Forward
May 19, 2004

Indo-Pak Dialogue Process: Moving Forward

The process of rapprochement between India and Pakistan began during the SAARC summit at Islamabad in January 2004. The two estranged neighbors set aside the bitterness of the recent past and decided to work together for peace and stability. That such a beginning could be made is itself a major achievement.

Indo-Pak Nuclear CBMs: Time to Move Forward
Jun 16, 2004

Indo-Pak Nuclear CBMs: Time to Move Forward

As part of the Indo-Pak Composite Dialogue process, the two countries will hold official-level talks in nuclear confidence building measures (CBMs) on June 19-20, 2004. This is a welcome development since the last round of such discussions was held at the ill-fated Lahore summit in February 1999, even though the CBMs agreed upon were rather general in nature and, at least in spirit, the Pakistan army was not a willing party to them.

Indo-Pak ties: Increasing people-to-people contact is the way forward
Feb 12, 2013

Indo-Pak ties: Increasing people-to-people contact is the way forward

A desire to find a solution to the conflict that plagues both India and Pakistan was the common thread that run through the discussion at ORF on the bilateral relations and the way forward between Indian experts and retired military officials from Pakistan.

Indo-US cyber dialogue should include hardware security
Jul 03, 2014

Indo-US cyber dialogue should include hardware security

Much like the Indo-U.S. strategic partnership, Indo-U.S. cyber engagement appears to have plateaued and could benefit from a tailored reset. Adopting various measures to ensure trust in defence hardware is essential to both India and the United States, and should therefore be explored as a mechanism for deeper cooperation.

Investing in human capital: Towards an anaemia free India
Sep 08, 2017

Investing in human capital: Towards an anaemia free India

India’s long-term growth strategy must be pegged to its labour force, whatever the economic model of choice may be. A major part of how the Indian growth story plays out will hinge on the country’s success in delivering the right to life, health and livelihood for all Indians, including India’s girls and women.

Iran's N-talks: Two steps forward and another act of sabotage
Nov 06, 2014

Iran's N-talks: Two steps forward and another act of sabotage

While the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 are on track and when Iran is conceding most of the demands, why should there be an explosion in a crucial Iranian nuclear site, that too a missiles and munitions centre -- Parchin.

Is a Mid East war on the cards?
Jul 07, 2012

Is a Mid East war on the cards?

Hillary Clinton has for the past year been exhorting "Assad to get out of the way". But Assad won't listen. He sits on a system quite as durable as the one Saddam Hussain supervised in neighbouring Iraq. Without the US commitment as in Iraq, Assad cannot be pushed out.

Is China’s loss, India’s gain? An examination of the US tariff war
Nov 20, 2018

Is China’s loss, India’s gain? An examination of the US tariff war

The unilateral tariff imposition by the United States on various countries has started a trade war that threatens to adversely affect the world’s major economies. This paper finds that no country, including the US itself, is likely to benefit from a tariff war. In India, some analysts had expected that the country’s export penetration in the US and elsewhere will increase, as China loses out. An analysis of trade data, however, shows that whi

Is Pakistan moving towards a more stable three party system?
Aug 14, 2018

Is Pakistan moving towards a more stable three party system?

People have thought in the past that a three-party system can achieve maximum stability in Pakistan. Observers will be keen to look at how the Pakistani military will be factored into the new dynamic.

Israel-Hamas War: A challenge for the ‘new’ Middle East
Oct 11, 2023

Israel-Hamas War: A challenge for the ‘new’ Middle East

The recent shift by the Middle East prioritising geoeconomics over the Palestinian issue could suffer a setback. The crisis ignited by Hamas highlights that the gap between top-heavy policy decisions and groundswell public opinions, movements, and crisis points need to be addressed by regional powers to ensure long-term sustainability of economic cooperation programmes

Israel-Lebanon front: A regional or limited war?
Sep 27, 2024

Israel-Lebanon front: A regional or limited war?

Israel has conducted multiple airstrikes over the past week, with reports claiming the deaths of senior Hezbollah military leaders, including Ibrahim Aqil and Ibrahim Mohammed Qubaisi.

Japan’s Security Policy in the Asia-Pacific during the post-Cold War Period
Oct 09, 2010

Japan’s Security Policy in the Asia-Pacific during the post-Cold War Period

Despite domestic political changes, the alliance with the US continues to be the cornerstone of Japan's security policy in the Asia-Pacific region. Although Japan has taken some siginificant steps in the direction of normal statehood, the domestic constituency in favour of full strategic autonomy is still very weak. Japan's dilemma between its growing security concerns and the limitations laid by its Constitution will continue to be a major chall

Kargil of India's 'War' on terrorism
Apr 08, 2005

Kargil of India's 'War' on terrorism

The Kargil military conflict of 1999 between India and Pakistan came in the wake of the "bhai-bhai" ("we are brothers") euphoria generated by the bus ride of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister, to Lahore and his high-profile meeting with Mr.Nawaz Sharif, Pakistan's then Prime Minister. In the euphoria, we let ourselves be caught napping by the Pakistan Army in the heights of Kargil.

Kargil war: The neglected heroes
Jul 29, 2010

Kargil war: The neglected heroes

Many military veterans have returned the medals awarded to them for gallantry and fighting wars to the President, a sure sign of frustration and feeling of neglect.

Kashmir: The Problem, and theWay Forward
Apr 28, 2011

Kashmir: The Problem, and theWay Forward

This article evaluates the current situation in Kashmir with a view to explore possibilities of reconciliation and re-assimilation.

Kazakhstan working towards setting up Eurasian commodities market
Jun 07, 2019

Kazakhstan working towards setting up Eurasian commodities market

Kazakhstan aspires for economic cooperation between China and Europe, and connectivity within itself and with its neighbours.

Keep Space Code of Conduct moving forward
Jul 23, 2015

Keep Space Code of Conduct moving forward

The negotiations on Space code of Conduct, set to begin in New York, provide an opportune moment for states to narrow down their differences and help establish a comprehensive instrument. The EU must be patient and develop the necessary consensus so that it establishes a strong support base, vital for the longevity of the code.

Keeping peace in a war zone
Jun 26, 2015

Keeping peace in a war zone

It is important to examine how female peacekeepers themselves experience gender and other relations while on duty where the power differential in relation to locals is in their favour, but remains different in relation to their male colleagues.

Kenya's war: No end in sight
Jan 24, 2012

Kenya's war: No end in sight

On January 16, 2012, the Kenyan troops completed 90 days of their presence in Somalia where they had gone to fight the al-Shabaab militants. The initial aim of the invasion, which began as a reaction to a spate of kidnappings and raids on Kenyan border by the Islamic militants, was to secure the border between the two countries.

Kshitij Betjewargi

Kshitij Betjewargi is a Sub-Editor at the Observer Research Foundation.

Previously, he worked as a Sub-Editor at Deccan Herald, where he translated complex economic and political developments into clear, compelling news analyses. His coverage spanned elections, domestic politics, and major international affairs. He authored in-depth explainers, including A Deep Dive Into the History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and Money and Irony: China Is Now the Lender of Last Resort for Countries with Massive BRI Debts. He managed live blogs on key events such as the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, the 2023 G20 Summit in New Delhi, and landmark Supreme Court rulings on marriage equality and electoral bonds. He also created interactive explainers using data visualisation tools to make complex economic and political trends accessible to readers. His multimedia work integrated infographics, video snippets, and social-first narratives to broaden audience engagement.

His primary research interest lies in examining the economic undercurrents of democratic backsliding. He is interested in studying how the dislocations and grievances engendered by the neoliberal economic order - including rising inequality, job insecurity, and the erosion of the welfare state - have created fertile ground for the global rise of right-wing populism. This line of inquiry focuses on how economic disenchantment translates into political volatility, illiberal governance, and the weakening of democratic institutions. He also maintains a strong interest in traditional security studies, particularly the dynamics of major power competition in an increasingly multipolar world.

Kshitij holds an MSc in International Relations from the University of Edinburgh. His postgraduate dissertation, “An Untamed Dragon? Explaining China’s ‘Uneconomic’ Belt and Road Push,” examined the financial sustainability of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Using econometric modelling and statistical analysis, he found that China’s overseas lending has shifted from infrastructure financing to bailout loans. His thesis argued that China is leveraging the BRI to challenge Western economic, political, and military hegemony, capitalising on the West’s retreat from development aid.

He earned his undergraduate degree from Christ University, Bengaluru, with a BA (Triple Majors) in Media, Economics, and Political Science. His undergraduate dissertation, “Structural Causes Behind State Failure in the Middle East,” explored the region’s persistent instability through the lens of country-specific structural political and economic factors.