Until 2009, India was regarded as one of the most stringent opponents of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) norm; it was, historically, a staunch advocate of a state–centred Westphalian system. But India’s position has always been more complex and nuanced in all respects. Since 2009, the fundamental change that has taken place is also quite remarkable. This change can partly be accounted for by India’s noteworthy, but still ongoing transformation from a developing country into a regional power with global clout. The fact that India has almost entirely turned its back on non–alignment, and its interests have moved increasingly further away from the developing countries, is also reflected in its foreign policy. While India has not yet made any conceptual contributions to R2P comparable to Brazil’s, it has brought about important changes, in particular to its own position, since the end of its turn at the UN Security Council.