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Japan’s expanding defence role outpaces public consent, which remains selective and geographically bounded, limiting support for military deployment
Through the OSA, Japan is adapting its diplomacy to an Indo-Pacific marked by contested influence and shifting power balances
The launch of Japan’s Official Security Assistance (OSA) framework in 2023 signalled a step further in the departure from a strictly pacifist aid model toward a more proactive approach to security diplomacy. Rooted in the 2022 revision of Japan’s National Security Strategy, the OSA institutionalises Tokyo’s gradual reinterpretation of constitutional and normative restraints on military assistance, while maintaining an emphasis on transparen
