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Housing poverty in urban India: The failures of past and current strategies and the need for a new blueprint
Mar 01, 2019

Housing poverty in urban India: The failures of past and current strategies and the need for a new blueprint

This paper argues that India’s housing strategy should not be confined to merely creating affordable housing stock to tackle the shortage, as such an approach is myopic. Instead, a sound housing strategy must be informed by an adequate understanding of the multiple facets of housing poverty, including the factors that are responsible for the proliferation of slums. The blueprint offered in this paper understands an effective housing scheme as a

How Beijing’s New Maritime Rules in the South China Sea Will Affect India and Others
Sep 06, 2021

How Beijing’s New Maritime Rules in the South China Sea Will Affect India and Others

China's new maritime law – in which foreign vessels will have to submit details to Chinese authorities when transiting through its 'territorial waters' – has now come into force.

How beneficial are joint exercises by the military?
Oct 26, 2015

How beneficial are joint exercises by the military?

Most of the joint exercises being conducted by security forces, like like the Malabar 2015, are of the simple basic variety and, hence, really provide no 'net value addition' to the Indian force that participates. Thus, approvals for such exercises should necessitate a case-by-case approach in the future.

How can BRICS survive amidst TTIP?
Jan 05, 2015

How can BRICS survive amidst TTIP?

With the US and EU, who together are responsible for the makeup of 46% of the world economy, preparing to enter into the largest trade deal in history, the TTIP, the question of how the BRICS adapt and consolidate their position globally is one that holds considerable relevance. The options available to the BRICS are limited.

How China Soured on Nepal
Sep 26, 2024

How China Soured on Nepal

Public displays of exasperation reflect Beijing’s disappointment with the lack of progress in its relations with Kathmandu.

How China strengthens the Quad
Sep 04, 2020

How China strengthens the Quad

Chinese belligerence further strengthens the motivation for Australia, India, Japan, and the United States to keep the Quad together.

How Covid pandemic has left millions of children without routine vaccines, study shows
Jul 20, 2021

How Covid pandemic has left millions of children without routine vaccines, study shows

There is an urgent need to strengthen routine immunisation to prevent the risk of vaccine-preventable disease in children, according to Lancet.

How Delhi and Paris became friends
Aug 27, 2019

How Delhi and Paris became friends

India and France have a shared interest in developing a coalition of middle powers committed to multipolarity

How effective will be the free trade agreements with East Asia
Apr 09, 2015

How effective will be the free trade agreements with East Asia

The Centre seems to be keen on development of Free Trade Agreements with our East Asian and South-East Asian neighbours. The general idea floated in this context is: Trade is good. More is better. But, unbridled market force in the form of unbridled trade without the concomitant safeguards in regulation and risk management mechanisms might not be a wise idea.

How fares India in healthcare? A sub-national analysis
Feb 25, 2020

How fares India in healthcare? A sub-national analysis

India’s geographical landscape is vast, cultural differences can be sharp, and income disparities are stark in certain regions. Access to healthcare, therefore, is varied and the on-ground gaps and challenges are complex. The NITI Aayog Health Index is an attempt by the current government to formulate a mechanism to monitor at the sub-national level the country’s performance in improving healthcare. This paper uses the findings of the Health

How Important was Abu Azzam?
Sep 30, 2005

How Important was Abu Azzam?

Before the elections in the beginning of this year, the authorities of the Iraqi Government had announced warrants for the arrest of 29 Iraqis and foreigners, who, according to them, are either former members of the Saddam Hussein Government or part of the Abu Mus¿ab al-Zarqawi terrorist network of the Al Qaeda.

How India deals with Pakistan and China
Jun 02, 2011

How India deals with Pakistan and China

It might be interesting to analyse our diplomatic handling of China and Pakistan on a comparative basis. These two countries pose the most difficult and complex foreign policy challenges to us. Is our approach to both countries similar, or there are differences in the way we engage them?

How India has actually done a great job in dealing with the Dragon
Nov 02, 2017

How India has actually done a great job in dealing with the Dragon

Despite the power differential, India successfully raised the cost of China’s land grab activities at Doklam, a feat that even the U.S. has struggled to accomplish in East Asia. While China was relentless in the pursuit of its goals, and had the resources to spend, India managed to call its bluff, and simultaneously allayed Bhutan’s concerns.

How India’s BrahMos deal is not just about Philippines but gives a stronger message to the region
Feb 12, 2022

How India’s BrahMos deal is not just about Philippines but gives a stronger message to the region

The $375 million BrahMos deal will have an impact on the India-China, India-ASEAN as well as the Philippines-China relations

How India’s digital journey offers a replicable model to Africa
Sep 24, 2025

How India’s digital journey offers a replicable model to Africa

The digital cooperation between India and Africa underscores a broader commitment to inclusive development, mutual capacity-building, and technological independence. Can joint digital innovation also drive socio-economic progress across the Global South?

How large are our social safety nets?
May 22, 2014

How large are our social safety nets?

A World Bank report on 'State of Social Safety Nets' paints an overall positive picture, with over one billion people worldwide being included under at least one safety net initiative. But the reality is that more than two-thirds of the world's 1.2 billion poorest are not covered.

How long can India’s China juggle last?
Jan 18, 2019

How long can India’s China juggle last?

While New Delhi continues to walk a fine balance, its ability to sustain this approach remains to be seen.

How Myanmar has a long history of brutality against minorities
Sep 25, 2017

How Myanmar has a long history of brutality against minorities

A Rohingya insurgency has been around since 1948, but it has waxed and waned depending on the level of repression.

How PM Modi scored with COVIDiplomacy
Mar 17, 2020

How PM Modi scored with COVIDiplomacy

Disrupting conventional thinking, Prime Minister Modi held a video conference to fight Covid-19 with all SAARC leaders.

How Tesla solved India's broadband puzzle in 1893
Jun 27, 2011

How Tesla solved India's broadband puzzle in 1893

It's time policy mandarins remove their blinkers and jettison their vested interests to learn the sharp and focused lessons that history of science teaches so beautifully

How the civil war in Yemen came about
Jul 09, 2015

How the civil war in Yemen came about

While the Arabs tend to blame the West for their troubles with some reason, much of the blame they have to shoulder themselves. The Arab world is in turmoil mainly because of undemocratic regimes, lack of institutions, the absence of a spirit of scientific enquiry and societies that have yet to adjust to the 21st century.

How the COVID-19 pandemic exposes the frailty of social protection in the US
May 24, 2023

How the COVID-19 pandemic exposes the frailty of social protection in the US

As the COVID-19 infection rate continues to increase in the United States (US), this brief examines the country’s social protection system and compares it to those of other rich OECD countries. It argues that implementing basic social protection measures in a time of crisis such as this, may be costly both in resources and time. While addressing immediate needs imposed by the public health emergency is priority, in the long term, institutionali

How the dominant man subjugates other men, women and society
Nov 02, 2016

How the dominant man subjugates other men, women and society

Call for public discussions over how certain types of behavior associated with dominance and power create inequalities within and between man and woman

How the Iran nuke deal gives India room in the Greater Middle East
Jul 15, 2015

How the Iran nuke deal gives India room in the Greater Middle East

India's thinking about the Middle East, whether from the UPA or NDA, has tended to be ideological and rooted in their domestic political considerations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi needs to break from this tradition and develop a strategy towards the Middle East that is firmly anchored in realpolitik.

How the PM put India on an even keel
May 26, 2015

How the PM put India on an even keel

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been energetically pushing the Indian view. If he is able to transform the Indian economy and put it on a fast growth track in the coming years, he will sharply enhance India's weight in the international system.

How the US lost the plot in Afghanistan
Jul 14, 2021

How the US lost the plot in Afghanistan

In some ways, the real war began after 2009, as the US forces drew down from Iraq. The result was a carrots and sticks approach; the swelling to over 60,000 US troops in Afghanistan (with another 30,000 committed during the “surge”) coupled with greater economic assistance to Pakistan

How to intervene
Mar 17, 2015

How to intervene

Before PM Modi can pat himself on the back for a fine diplomatic performance in Lanka, Modi now faces a big political test in the Maldives, where the regime of Abdul Yameen has arrested former President Mohamed Nasheed on charges of terrorism and a perverted judicial system has sentenced him to 13 years in prison.

How to Reset Relations Between Europe and the Global South
Jun 30, 2023

How to Reset Relations Between Europe and the Global South

It’s a fact that countries of the Global South, while not supportive of Russia’s war against Ukraine, also blame NATO and the West for its global impact. Europe needs to change its approach.

How US lost War on Terrorism
Feb 03, 2004

How US lost War on Terrorism

President George W. Bush is a desperate man today. He wants Osama bin Laden, dead or alive. More than 12000 US troops, including a 1400-men strong elite commando unit known as Task Force 121, are in Pakistan and Afghanistan hunting for Laden. Supporting them is a 70,000-strong contingent from President Pervez Musharraf¿s Army.

How Warfare Changed In 2025
Dec 31, 2025

How Warfare Changed In 2025

For India, a key lesson from 2025 is that innovations in drone use that blend their employment with missiles will obviate predictability

How we can save the nation's farmers
Jul 10, 2015

How we can save the nation's farmers

India got a reality check recently when newspapers splashed the shocking conclusions of the first Socio-Economic and Caste Census since 1934. The message from the numbers is obvious: India has to resolve some very basic issues within before it can aspire to be any kind of power, regional or global.

How will the Trans-Pacific Partnership affect India?
Jul 21, 2015

How will the Trans-Pacific Partnership affect India?

The US-led TPP would face increasing competition as China recently concluded a free trade agreement with Australia (ChAFTA) and South Korea and is pushing for a broader Asia-trade pact - Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

How woman friendly is the annual Budget?
Jul 21, 2014

How woman friendly is the annual Budget?

It is gratifying to note that women's safety did figure in the Annual Budget 2014-15 with an outlay of Rs 200 crore. Good enough for the lowered expectations but not sufficient given the exponential rise in violence against women across the country. Same allocation for the Patel statue has made the matters worse by pitting living and breathing population against a memorial.

How woman friendly is the annual Budget?
Jul 21, 2014

How woman friendly is the annual Budget?

It is gratifying to note that women's safety did figure in the Annual Budget 2014-15 with an outlay of Rs 200 crore. Good enough for the lowered expectations but not sufficient given the exponential rise in violence against women across the country. Same allocation for the Patel statue has made the matters worse by pitting living and breathing population against a memorial.

How women can change the world
Mar 16, 2020

How women can change the world

Women participation in work force in a more “equal world” is a pillar of development that can help reconcile the “irreconcilable trinity.”

https://www.orfonline.org/research/no-childs-play-the-enduring-challenge-of-creating-child-friendly-cities/
May 15, 2023

https://www.orfonline.org/research/no-childs-play-the-enduring-challenge-of-creating-child-friendly-cities/

Child-friendly cities’ is an emerging concept in the urban management sector in many countries across the globe, including India, where it complements government schemes that aim to develop India’s urban spaces as centres of human capital development, knowledge hubs, and drivers of growth and prosperity. These flagship missions include, for example, the Smart Cities Mission and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMR

Hu's Delhi Visit: BRICS and the bilateral dynamics
Apr 09, 2012

Hu's Delhi Visit: BRICS and the bilateral dynamics

India and China have to shoulder greater responsibility to ensure that they adopt more inclusive and cooperative approach in addressing each other's concerns. And no amount of multilateral level cooperation (BRICS, G-20, WTO) can diminish some of these vexed issues.

Hubris, Biases, and Overlearning: A Historical Analysis of How India Missed Pakistan’s Nuclear Coup
Jan 05, 2022

Hubris, Biases, and Overlearning: A Historical Analysis of How India Missed Pakistan’s Nuclear Coup

Intelligence agencies are prone to exaggerate an adversary’s capabilities. Indian intelligence in the mid-1970s, meanwhile, severely underestimated Pakistan’s nuclear cunning. For a crucial part of those years, India could not identify AQ Khan’s clandestine nuclear activities to acquire Uranium enrichment technology. This brief names three reasons: hubris, biases, and overlearning from one’s experiences. For New Delhi, this is as much a p

Human capital formation through public education: How fares India?
Sep 17, 2019

Human capital formation through public education: How fares India?

Public education is a tool for human capital formation. In India, even as private institutions provide an option, a majority of students attend public schooling; yet, private-school students continue to outperform their public-school counterparts. Using parameters associated with Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4 – Quality Education), this paper estimates the sub-national level state of public education in India by constructing

Human rights and India's foreign policy
Mar 26, 2012

Human rights and India's foreign policy

India's vote at Geneva in favour of the UNHRC resolution critical of Sri Lanka possibly signals the increasing vulnerability of national interests to regional interests dictated by the necessity of coalition politics. India's this strategic folly would once again rebound to China's and Pakistan's advantage.

Human Rights and US Foreign Policy: Implications for India and China
Apr 28, 2021

Human Rights and US Foreign Policy: Implications for India and China

Human rights issues have been a cornerstone of US foreign policy since the end of the Cold War. This paper examines Washington’s human rights focus on India and China under former President Donald Trump, and identifies trends under the current Joe Biden administration. The paper notes an emergent US bipartisan approach to refocus on Beijing’s human rights record following a period of policy dissonance owing to concerns to protect its economic

Hunting Grounds
Feb 16, 2006

Hunting Grounds

An international posse led by the US has set off along with a motley crowd hunting for one of the two remaining leaders of the Axis of Evil. The British are there, as always, galloping along close to the Americans. The Germans and the French have returned to the fold after staying away in the hunt for Saddam Hussein.

Hurdles ahead for the Unites States
Nov 17, 2020

Hurdles ahead for the Unites States

As Biden tries to consolidate his governance agenda, he will find that the challenges within his own party might be far more difficult to tackle

I2U2 brings hi-tech food, clean energy projects
Jul 16, 2022

I2U2 brings hi-tech food, clean energy projects

The emergence of this new grouping is clearly an outcome of the Abraham Accords of Aug 2020 and the possibilities that they have created for Israel and the UAE to be on the same platform with India and the US. As President Biden moves to Saudi Arabia for the second leg of his visit to West Asia, we are likely to see a push towards integrating Israel through trade, technology, direct flights and people-to-people contact even with countries where f

IAF Accidents: A Report
Jul 28, 2003

IAF Accidents: A Report

The most quoted reason for aircraft accidents in the Indian Air Forces is the absence of Advanced Jet Trainers. It is a valid point but to blame the increasing number of accidents on one factor would be grossly misleading.

ICANN and GAC ? A Review of proposed byelaw changes
Sep 09, 2014

ICANN and GAC ? A Review of proposed byelaw changes

From an internet governance point of view, and the debate over the ITU staking its claim over managing the internet resources and taking over the ICANN functions, GAC's role is an important one, but which often finds itself as not having enough 'clout' in the ICANN decision making process.