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Small Satellite Constellations: The Promise of ‘Internet for All’
Sep 28, 2015

Small Satellite Constellations: The Promise of ‘Internet for All’

Over four billion people do not have access to Internet; that makes a huge two-thirds of the global population. In India, around four of every five people lack this basic resource. Various access technologies are being developed in different parts of the world to bridge the digital divide. Amongst these technologies, the emergence of small satellites carries immense promise. These satellites are used for applications ranging from remote sensing t

Strengthening CBRN Security in India: Domestic Strategies and Global Collaborations
Nov 06, 2024

Strengthening CBRN Security in India: Domestic Strategies and Global Collaborations

India’s geopolitically sensitive location and complex relationships with neighbours, global powers, and non-state actors necessitate national security strategies that include the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) domain. This paper discusses the current threat scenario related to CBRN technologies; it makes a case for leveraging multilateral cooperation through alliances like the Quad and regional partnerships to strengthen

T20 Side Event | Think20 Youth Engagement: Geopolitics of Multilateralism
Feb 14, 2023

T20 Side Event | Think20 Youth Engagement: Geopolitics of Multilateralism

Think20, Youth Engagement, Geopolitics, Multilateralism, G20, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, SDG, macroeconomics, India, G20 Presidency, RCEP, FTA, Trade, economic, infrastructure, diplomacy, Climate Change

Takeaways for India from IPCC’s Assessment of Global Mitigation Efforts
Aug 14, 2023

Takeaways for India from IPCC’s Assessment of Global Mitigation Efforts

The findings of Working Group-III (WG-III) of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly highlight the global failure to scale-up mitigation actions to achieve the Paris Climate targets. Immediate and unprecedented action will now be needed to avoid catastrophic global warming in this century. The WG-III report details some of the policy actions needed at the global level to enable a sustai

The Blue Economy: Charting a New Development Path in the Seychelles
Aug 13, 2020

The Blue Economy: Charting a New Development Path in the Seychelles

The Seychelles’ geographical advantages have given it economic gains from its main Blue Economy (BE) sectors—fisheries and tourism. However, overexploitation and unsustainable management practices have placed undue pressure on these resources. In 2018, the country conceived a sustainable ocean-based development pathway—the Seychelles’ Blue Economy Strategic Framework and Roadmap. Various socio-economic and environmental challenges threate

The Case for a G20 Development Bank to Resurrect the SDGs
Nov 11, 2024

The Case for a G20 Development Bank to Resurrect the SDGs

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the first truly global attempt to set universal development goals for all countries and transform the economic system. More than halfway through the timeline of achieving the SDGs, the COVID-19 pandemic and a series of subsequent crises have dealt a deathblow to the SDGs. A massive financing gap is the primary obstacle to the achievement of the global goals by 2030. This brief argues that the G20, with

The COVID19 Pandemic: Why It Won’t Be the Last
May 22, 2023

The COVID19 Pandemic: Why It Won’t Be the Last

In the last two decades, the world has witnessed disease outbreaks that have resulted in massive loss of lives and economic disruptions.[1]  The current pandemic of the novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, might still not be the last of the pandemics that the world will suffer in the years to come—as long as human activities that use natural resources beyond their capacities, resulting in the spread of viruses, continue unab

The Creation of South Sudan: Prospects and Challenges
Dec 02, 2011

The Creation of South Sudan: Prospects and Challenges

This paper seeks to assess the present challenges that exist for South Sudan through an understanding of the historical narrative of the Sudanese state.

The Crucial 60 Percent: Building the Commonwealth’s Youth Capital
Nov 15, 2022

The Crucial 60 Percent: Building the Commonwealth’s Youth Capital

Young people across the world today are facing multiple challenges: lost school years due to the pandemic-induced lockdowns, the looming climate crisis, increasingly dangerous virtual spaces, and food and energy security concerns triggered by the Ukraine-Russia conflict. This paper analyses the challenges facing the youths of the Commonwealth, where 60 percent of the combined population are under 30 years old, and explores the investments require

The EU-India FTA Negotiations: Leading to an Agreement or Disagreement?
Feb 25, 2012

The EU-India FTA Negotiations: Leading to an Agreement or Disagreement?

After a brief discussion on the uneasy relationship between Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO, the implications of the “deep” integration that the EU is seeking with India are discussed, and the respective positions, interests and concerns of the partners in the long drawn out negotiations are examined. The challenges for India in plunging into such “deep” territory, unprecedented in its history of bilateral or multilateral negotiatio

The Global Governance of the Energy Transition: Lessons for the Indo-Pacific and Latin America
Jul 03, 2024

The Global Governance of the Energy Transition: Lessons for the Indo-Pacific and Latin America

Amid disruptive international crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing war in Ukraine, ensuring a secure energy supply for development requires focused efforts by individual countries and the international community. This report examines the global governance of the energy transition from the perspectives of the Latin American and Indo-Pacific regions. Despite their geographic distance, the two regions share similarities in their econ

The Growing Gaps in Global Humanitarian Challenges
Apr 01, 2024

The Growing Gaps in Global Humanitarian Challenges

Emergency humanitarian aid, which aims to save lives and reduce people’s suffering in times of crises, has grown considerably over the last century to become a central feature of international relations and of the multilateral system. It is estimated that over 400 million people depend on such aid today. The future of these people and of the humanitarian aid they depend on are fraught with risks, in light of five palpable trends: exponentially

The identity fault lines of a West Bengal voter
Jun 19, 2019

The identity fault lines of a West Bengal voter

The fallout of this election forefronts the fault lines in the Bengali identity whose syncretic political and cultural climate has now been marred by religious insecurities.

The Impact of High Crude Oil Prices and Challenges in Pricing of Petroleum Products
Jul 24, 2023

The Impact of High Crude Oil Prices and Challenges in Pricing of Petroleum Products

A roundtable discussion on the topic "The Impact of High Crude Oil Prices & Challenges in Pricing of Petroleum Products" was organised by Observer Research Foundation at New Delhi on August 14, 2006.

The importance of Modi's Paris visit
Apr 09, 2015

The importance of Modi's Paris visit

France is set to host the most important of climate conventions at the end of this year, one that will determine the successor to the Kyoto Protocol. This makes for an important area where India and France can cooperate.

The Long Road to Finding an End to Afghanistan’s Humanitarian Crisis
Dec 02, 2021

The Long Road to Finding an End to Afghanistan’s Humanitarian Crisis

Afghanistan is facing its most complex humanitarian crisis yet, resulting from the cascading impacts of four decades of conflicts and endemic poverty, and in more recent years, climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and chronic foreign aid dependency. Today, 97 percent of all Afghans live below poverty line, and one in every three Afghans (or 14 million) face severe hunger. This report seeks to understand the complexities of Afghanistan’s human

The national security discourse is changing
Sep 10, 2021

The national security discourse is changing

Policymakers and practitioners are leading the emerging consensus on the need to fundamentally reassess assumptions

The new crisis of finance
Dec 13, 2017

The new crisis of finance

The failure of global finance to create a bridge between savings that earn low returns in the global north and the projects that would create much-needed infrastructure in the global south has caused a crisis that needs the attention of global regulators. Among the multiple causes of this crisis is the stringent regulatory response to the 2008 financial crisis, including new lending norms for banks; the tardy response of institutional investors t

The ORF SDGs Young Influencers Programme 2.0: Report from Three Workshops
Oct 01, 2024

The ORF SDGs Young Influencers Programme 2.0: Report from Three Workshops

Shoba Suri, Nimisha Chadha and Oommen C Kurian, The ORF SDGs Young Influencers Programme 2.0: Report from Three Workshops, October 2024, Observer Research Foundation.

The Promise of Bioeconomy as a Solution for Sustainability
Sep 16, 2024

The Promise of Bioeconomy as a Solution for Sustainability

Relentless urbanisation often has a heavy environmental cost, arising from activities such as the consumption of fossil resources to fuel industrialisation and infrastructure development. The resulting surge in greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, which leads to frequent extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves. Such events pose an existential threat to human life, infrastructure, an

The Quad is rebalancing
May 30, 2023

The Quad is rebalancing

The Pacific theatre is now an obvious area of interest to boost non-traditional activities by the Quad countries

The Role of Capital Markets for Raising Green and Transition Finance
Sep 18, 2024

The Role of Capital Markets for Raising Green and Transition Finance

Climate change is a global commons problem requiring concerted actions by all. While recognising this, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has also acknowledged the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,’ which assigns greater responsibilities to developed countries in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reducing their carbon footprint. There have also been deliber

The State of Women’s Representation in Urban Local Self-Government in India: A Review
Aug 27, 2024

The State of Women’s Representation in Urban Local Self-Government in India: A Review

Women’s representation in local governance is a crucial indicator of gender inclusivity. Since 1993, the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act has reserved one-third of seats in Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to women. Multiple states have since granted 50 percent reservation of seats for women in urban and rural local self-government bodies. Today, women have become a crucial political constituency, both as voters and as electoral candidates. This pape

The US-China Cyber-Agreement: Implications for India
Sep 13, 2023

The US-China Cyber-Agreement: Implications for India

This essay considers the implications of the new cyber-security agreement betweenChina and the United States in terms of the evolution of an international legal regime governingthe use of cyberspace. This agreement lays down the foundations for norm emergence in thearena, which could also carry implications for India by shaping the country's response andcarving its path towards becoming a crucial international stakeholder in the cyberspace regime

The Utility of a Unified Adaptation Taxonomy in Mobilising Adaptation Finance
Dec 02, 2024

The Utility of a Unified Adaptation Taxonomy in Mobilising Adaptation Finance

As global climate adaptation finance continues to fall short of the requirement, the current diversity of interpretations and fragmented markets are further disincentivising investors. A localised adaptation finance taxonomy would establish clear standards, enabling investors to compare opportunities and better assess environmental impacts. This brief argues for a sector-specific framework for adaptation finance. It examines key challenges in dev

The Year That Exposed Chinese Vulnerabilities
Dec 15, 2023

The Year That Exposed Chinese Vulnerabilities

Xi seems to have overplayed his hand, leading to a significant realignment, resulting in a pushback at a time when his governance style has come under scrutiny

Time for hard questions on Sino-Indian relationship's future
May 21, 2013

Time for hard questions on Sino-Indian relationship's future

India and China must bilaterally develop a substantial conversation on the cutting edge of global governance issues, including issues of the global commons like climate change, water, health and medicine, and Asian security architecture, as well as issues of space and proliferation, of rules and mechanisms of economic governance, and on new arenas of maritime and ocean governance.

Time to face up to cyber threats
Jan 02, 2017

Time to face up to cyber threats

Cyber insecurity is now a global risk no different from the warming climate or forced displacement. Is such insecurity a business risk or a "public bad"?

To Price or not to Price? Making a Case for a Carbon Pricing Mechanism for India
Sep 26, 2022

To Price or not to Price? Making a Case for a Carbon Pricing Mechanism for India

The 2021 Conference of Parties 26 (COP26) propelled nations to ramp up their climate targets and the concomitant Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the updated NDCs and the announced pledges for 2030 remain insufficient and poorly aligned with the targets of the Paris Agreement. The reduction in projected 2030 emissions is estimated to be 7.5 percent—far lower than the 30 percent requi