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Gaiko Forum report on ORF symposium on Japan-India cooperation
Mar 17, 2008

Gaiko Forum report on ORF symposium on Japan-India cooperation

Gaiko Forum, Japan's prominent think tank sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, has published a detailed report on the symposium on "Security and Strategic Challenges in Asia: Prospects of Japan-India Cooperation" organised by Observer Research Foundation in association with the Gaiko Forum and the Embassy of Japan in New Delhi, on March 18, 2008.

Gender Gap in Agriculture and the ‘South Asian Enigma’
Oct 11, 2021

Gender Gap in Agriculture and the ‘South Asian Enigma’

Current data suggests that the global community is far from achieving the 2030 agenda of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. By the end of 2019, 650 million people suffered from chronic hunger and 135 million experienced acute food-insecurity. Not all regions are equal: the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2020 found that some are experiencing less severe incidence of hunger on the GHI scale, compared to others. The most serious levels of

Geopolitical realities may yet push India closer to Nato
Jun 30, 2023

Geopolitical realities may yet push India closer to Nato

It offers a notable contrast that India’s ties with Russia haven’t taken off despite New Delhi’s keenness while its relationship with the US has expanded notwithstanding hesitations.

Global Health Governance in an Uncertain World: A Proposed Framework for the G20
Jan 30, 2023

Global Health Governance in an Uncertain World: A Proposed Framework for the G20

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, reforming the global health governance system has become a key area of concern for the G20 and other multilateral platforms. This comes at a time when the world has increasingly become volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. As a grouping of developed and developing countries, the G20 must prioritise addressing global health challenges by identifying its direct and indirect determinants. This brief

Global terrorism expanding, especially in Asia?
Feb 03, 2014

Global terrorism expanding, especially in Asia?

West Bengal Governor and former National Security Advisor M.K. Narayanan recently noted that contrary to what many security and strategic analysts in the West profess, terrorism remains by all means a grave threat to the civilised world. The reality is global terrorism is expanding, especially in Asia.

Going beyond the Indus Waters Treaty
Jul 18, 2011

Going beyond the Indus Waters Treaty

Saying that South Asian countries need to work closely to share, and not divide, water, the author says the consequence of bringing water to a pedestal on India-Pakistan relations can have devastating effects on regional security and prosperity.

Government must push women into  forefront
Jun 15, 2015

Government must push women into forefront

A lot has been discussed about PM Modi's first year in office. While actions and policies on economy, security, external affairs, 'Make in India' are being deliberated upon extensively, there is little attention on how the government has fared on gender equity.

Green Hydrogen: An Opportunity for India-Africa Cooperation
Jan 16, 2023

Green Hydrogen: An Opportunity for India-Africa Cooperation

Although India and Africa have long shared close ties, engagement between the two regions is yet to reach its full potential. However, amid the global green transition and attempts to enhance energy security, green hydrogen—increasingly seen as the ‘fuel of the future’—could provide a new avenue for cooperation between the regions. Such a partnership, focused on building a global value chain for the large-scale adoption of green h

Gujral Releases Book on Maldives
Jul 08, 2008

Gujral Releases Book on Maldives

NEW DELHI, AUGUST 7, 2008: Mr. Inder Kumar Gujral, former Prime Minister of India, on Thursday released a book on "Small States Security Dilemma: A Maldivian Perception" at Observer Research Foundation.

Gwadar: Test case of Sino-Pak relations
Sep 29, 2011

Gwadar: Test case of Sino-Pak relations

With the Chinese refusal to take charge of the operations at Pakistan's Gwadar Port and a series of handicaps and security issues, this facility may fail to achieve its intended target of building it into a strategic asset.

Half a century of India’s Maoist insurgency: An appraisal of state response
Jun 13, 2019

Half a century of India’s Maoist insurgency: An appraisal of state response

In 2006, then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh named  Maoist insurgency as “the single biggest internal-security challenge”[i] the country has ever faced. He would repeat the same warning in the succeeding four years.[ii] This paper argues  that today, the insurgency no longer poses the same degree of threat to the Indian state. It outlines the trajectory of the Maoist insurgency from its roots in the late 1960s, to credible domination over

Hamas is now what Al-Qaeda became after 9/11
Oct 12, 2023

Hamas is now what Al-Qaeda became after 9/11

Hamas was never a household name beyond a point unlike Al-Qaeda or the Islamic State. Until now

Hamas-Israel war's global energy impact will depend on whether the conflict theatre widens
Oct 13, 2023

Hamas-Israel war's global energy impact will depend on whether the conflict theatre widens

Even if there’s a ground invasion by Israel into Gaza and an extended conflict, the impact on energy prices and the resultant OPEC response would depend on the scale and reach that the conflict takes. If it remains localised without affecting major oil producers or transit routes, prices may see limited immediate change, prompting OPEC to maintain current production levels

Hard Diplomacy
Jan 04, 2025

Hard Diplomacy

Did New Delhi’s ‘big-stick’ approach make Beijing pipe down on the LAC?

Harnessing the Potential of Online Gaming in India
Dec 04, 2024

Harnessing the Potential of Online Gaming in India

India’s online gaming sector is rapidly growing, surpassing other emerging digital sectors in the country. It contributes to GST revenue, creates jobs, and attracts FDI. The sector also promotes ancillary sectors, contributing indirectly to the economy. However, concerns persist around harms such as addiction, financial crimes like money laundering, and implications to national security. Regulatory uncertainty continues to hinder the sector’s

High tide in the South China Sea: Why the maritime rules-based order is consequential
Nov 22, 2019

High tide in the South China Sea: Why the maritime rules-based order is consequential

The neighbouring waters around China have been marked by competing maritime territorial claims for decades. In recent years, tensions have intensified as Beijing’s inroads have increased in pace and extent. Today China’s economic security is closely linked to the South China Sea. With Beijing repeatedly engaging in acts that are widely seen as violative of international maritime law, there is a growing need to underscore the significance and

Highlights from the 8th Petro India 2009 conference
Nov 24, 2009

Highlights from the 8th Petro India 2009 conference

There is uncertainty in the availability of domestic coal and in this context there is probably a need to rethink India's energy security strategy based on domestic coal

How beneficial are joint exercises by the military?
Oct 26, 2015

How beneficial are joint exercises by the military?

Most of the joint exercises being conducted by security forces, like like the Malabar 2015, are of the simple basic variety and, hence, really provide no 'net value addition' to the Indian force that participates. Thus, approvals for such exercises should necessitate a case-by-case approach in the future.

How much surveillance does a country need?
Jul 20, 2013

How much surveillance does a country need?

Terrorists have taken to the use of social media networks in a big way. This brings us back to the old dilemma of how much data is information and how much information is adequate intelligence. The other dilemma is how much surveillance is enough for security. The third dilemma is how much liberty is to be sacrificed for security.

How to Reset Relations Between Europe and the Global South
Jun 30, 2023

How to Reset Relations Between Europe and the Global South

It’s a fact that countries of the Global South, while not supportive of Russia’s war against Ukraine, also blame NATO and the West for its global impact. Europe needs to change its approach.

I2U2 brings hi-tech food, clean energy projects
Jul 16, 2022

I2U2 brings hi-tech food, clean energy projects

The emergence of this new grouping is clearly an outcome of the Abraham Accords of Aug 2020 and the possibilities that they have created for Israel and the UAE to be on the same platform with India and the US. As President Biden moves to Saudi Arabia for the second leg of his visit to West Asia, we are likely to see a push towards integrating Israel through trade, technology, direct flights and people-to-people contact even with countries where f

I2U2 बिझनेस फोरम: पश्चिम आशियासाठी महत्त्वाचा क्षण
Oct 15, 2023

I2U2 बिझनेस फोरम: पश्चिम आशियासाठी महत्त्वाचा क्षण

प्रादेशिक आर्थिक एकत्रीकरणाला प्राधान्य देऊन I2U2 बिझनेस फोरम समोर येत आहे. पश्चिम आशियाई प्रादेशिकतेसाठी मजबूत पाया म्हणून हे फोरम काम करू शकणार आहे.

iCET: Strengthening the India-US Tech Agenda
Feb 04, 2023

iCET: Strengthening the India-US Tech Agenda

The U.S.-India strategic relationship looks to be set on firm footing, with both sides keen to materialize deeper collaboration across defense and critical and emerging technologies.

Ideological shift, public support and social media: The ‘New’ in Kashmir’s ‘New Militancy’
Jan 10, 2020

Ideological shift, public support and social media: The ‘New’ in Kashmir’s ‘New Militancy’

The new militant movement in Kashmir, which began with Burhan Wani in the southern areas, has escalated the conflict in the Valley. While militancy is not new in Kashmir, the Pulwama attack put the conflict back on the radar of the international community. This paper examines the changing nature of militancy in Kashmir, specifically with regard to training, recruitment patterns and the use of social media, public support for militants, and an app

Impending showdown in China-US techno-sphere
Jan 15, 2025

Impending showdown in China-US techno-sphere

New Delhi will have to keep a close watch on global debates on economic security and the impetus building to restructure the world’s trading system

In China’s Own Words: An Analysis of Chinese Strategic Discourse on Tibet
Oct 06, 2022

In China’s Own Words: An Analysis of Chinese Strategic Discourse on Tibet

The predominant view not only within India but globally, is that China sees Tibet solely through the prism of sovereignty and territorial integrity. Analysing sources that illuminate China’s internal debates and discussions about its stakes in Tibet, this paper finds that unlike in the past, China no longer views Tibet as a national security barrier. Rather, Tibet has become China’s main gateway into the economic hinterland of South Asia. Wit

In Deep Water: Current Threats to the Marine Ecology of the South China Sea
Mar 08, 2021

In Deep Water: Current Threats to the Marine Ecology of the South China Sea

Territorial disputes in the South China Sea are traditionally viewed through the standpoint of China’s military expansionism, where the threats are more visible. The environmental impacts of China’s activities, which will be long-lasting, remain underexplored. China’s island construction, drilling activities, and overfishing have pushed the marine ecosystem of the region to the brink of collapse, and the destruction of coral reefs a

In search of a settlement in Afghanistan
Oct 15, 2005

In search of a settlement in Afghanistan

In the past few weeks, Afghanistan has received a stream of important visitors from western capitals that are in a position to preside over its destiny ¿ U.S. National Security Council Advisor Stephen J. Hadley, Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, British Secretary of State for Defence John Reid, and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.

In Wilmington, juxtaposing immediacy with legacy
Sep 20, 2024

In Wilmington, juxtaposing immediacy with legacy

The fourth Quad Leaders’ Summit will be an opportunity to assess its progress in ensuring a peaceful and stable Indo-Pacific

India & Japan take recent shifts in their stride
Mar 23, 2022

India & Japan take recent shifts in their stride

Talks of a major rift were also put to rest by the joint statement, which largely hewed to India's stated position

India and Afghanistan: Old Friends, New Dialogue
Aug 19, 2016

India and Afghanistan: Old Friends, New Dialogue

Since the toppling of the Taliban government in 2001, India and Afghanistan have witnessed a significant strengthening of their bilateral ties. As Afghanistan's stability is important for India's own, New Delhi has readily supported the growth of democracy in its neighbour, battered as it is by many years of conflict and instability. This paper maps out the nature of India's relationship with Afghanistan, focusing on the two nations' economic, po

India and Australia defence relations: Towards a common vision of an open Indo-Pacific region?
Sep 21, 2019

India and Australia defence relations: Towards a common vision of an open Indo-Pacific region?

Despite differences that remain, there is clear evidence of growing strategic convergence by both countries in the security realm.

India and China caught in vicious cycle to secure the Himalayan heights
Feb 10, 2023

India and China caught in vicious cycle to secure the Himalayan heights

They can keep trying to match each other’s capabilities but that will only increase chances of war.

India and China’s space and naval capabilities: A comparative analysis
Jul 23, 2018

India and China’s space and naval capabilities: A comparative analysis

As Sino-Indian enmity in the maritime domain intensifies, the relationship between space assets and maritime capabilities in this constantly evolving rivalry remains understudied. This paper fills the gap with a comparative analysis that brings to the fore the importance of space sensors in the conduct of naval operations for both India and China. Equally relevant to this competition is the relationship between space assets and the nature of the

India and Counterforce: A Question of Evidence
May 14, 2020

India and Counterforce: A Question of Evidence

Even as India has had a long-running debate about many aspects of its nuclear doctrine, most importantly, its No First Use (NFU) policy, the country continues to maintain the NFU. This paper makes a critical assessment of recent arguments made by Christopher Clary and Vipin Narang that India may be reconsidering its NFU policy because of counterforce “temptations”. The paper dissects the evidence they present—statements made by mostly retir

India and global trade governance: Redefining its ‘national’ interest
Dec 24, 2017

India and global trade governance: Redefining its ‘national’ interest

This paper considers and explains the shifts and consistencies in India’s engagement with structures of global trade governance beginning from the Uruguay round of trade negotiations in late 1980s. It makes three major arguments. First, that although India has participated actively in global trade negotiations since the establishment of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) it was only under the present-day trade governance institut

India and Israel: Conflicted Friends Look to the Future
Oct 27, 2015

India and Israel: Conflicted Friends Look to the Future

India's ability to separate the Palestinian issue from Indo-Israeli relations could be tested in the future. As the security situation in Israel and the Palestinian territories deteriorates and Israel faces greater international pressure to negotiate an end to the conflict, it may not be long before Tel Aviv turns to New Delhi for diplomatic support.

India and Japan Hold 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
Sep 20, 2022

India and Japan Hold 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue

The India-Japan engagement has been enhanced both on the bilateral front as well as in minilateral formats such as the Quad in recent years.

India and Japan: Changing Dimensions of Partnership in the post-Cold War Period
Mar 06, 2010

India and Japan: Changing Dimensions of Partnership in the post-Cold War Period

Indo-Japanese relations have witnessed a paradigm shift since 2000 when both countries launched a global partnership in order to address a range of issues affecting regional and global peace and prosperity. Systematic efforts made by the leaders of both countries since then have strengthened their partnership. Until very recently, their interactions were mainly limited to economic issues, but today they cover a wide spectrum of subjects including

India and Nepal’s Kalapani border dispute: An explainer
May 24, 2023

India and Nepal’s Kalapani border dispute: An explainer

Neighbours India and Nepal, who share an open border, have not always had the most amicable of relations, oscillating from one extreme to the other. One of their long-standing disputes is over the border area of Kalapani. This discord has the potential to disrupt the other aspects of their ties, especially in the domains of the economy and cross-border security. Further, if the two countries fail to arrive at a resolution to the disagreement, it

India and New Zealand Improve Ties with Jaishankar Visit
Oct 19, 2022

India and New Zealand Improve Ties with Jaishankar Visit

The deepening of India-New Zealand after a lull in relations is important both in bilateral terms and also within the wider regional context.