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Cold hard reality of geopolitics: Enhancing military power is non-negotiable
Dec 30, 2024

Cold hard reality of geopolitics: Enhancing military power is non-negotiable

Military capabilities remain the sine qua non of international politics. Therefore, critical defence reforms in India will have to be pushed with greater vigour. Without institutional, doctrinal and procedural changes, New Delhi will not be able to make the most of this moment in global geopolitics

Contesting neighbours, revised geopolitical playbooks
Oct 27, 2020

Contesting neighbours, revised geopolitical playbooks

The engagement by India and China in the West Asia region is a good example of their metamorphosing approaches

Countering Chinese assertiveness: India’s changing posture in the Indian Ocean
Jan 02, 2021

Countering Chinese assertiveness: India’s changing posture in the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is important to China because Chinese trade and energy resources transit this route.

CPEC: Here comes the pushback
Oct 03, 2018

CPEC: Here comes the pushback

It was New Delhi which first pointed out the drawbacks of the Chinese model.

Defence Budget and its discontents
Jan 24, 2023

Defence Budget and its discontents

Allocations made for capital expenditure must increase if India is to keep pace with China's rising military might

Delhi-Paris tango offers a third way in diplomacy
Feb 01, 2024

Delhi-Paris tango offers a third way in diplomacy

As dependable allies, the India-France partnership is a force for global good in a volatile world engulfed in multiple crises

Despite complex global power equations, India and Russia will maintain good ties in 2022
Dec 31, 2021

Despite complex global power equations, India and Russia will maintain good ties in 2022

Despite the positive signs in India-Russia ties, one must be careful not to overestimate their significance when considered alongside some long-term trends in international affairs such as the relations of the US and its closest challengers China and Russia.

Despite Shifts, Japan’s Defence and Security Policy Remains on Pacifist Ground
Aug 14, 2023

Despite Shifts, Japan’s Defence and Security Policy Remains on Pacifist Ground

In the past decade, Japan made certain critical changes in its defence and security policy. These include enhancing the country’s defence capabilities, introducing the right to collective self-defence, abandoning the ban on arms exports, strengthening its alliance with the United States, and promoting its vision of a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’. Japan has introduced these changes incrementally, as a response to changing strategic circumsta

Deterrence, Trade, and Vulnerability: Re-imagining America’s Port-Led Architecture in the Trump Era
Sep 17, 2025

Deterrence, Trade, and Vulnerability: Re-imagining America’s Port-Led Architecture in the Trump Era

This paper explores the status and the need for the United States (US) to have a port-led strategy in place. Further, it argues that a strong port-led strategy straddling economic concerns with security imperatives on the back of its vast coastline and unmatched global network of overseas bases for the US could strongly support its Indo-Pacific strategy. A close examination of existing port-focused strategies by the US, particularly its Navy, and

Dialogues required to resolve Asian disputes: 7th Fleet Commander
Apr 04, 2013

Dialogues required to resolve Asian disputes: 7th Fleet Commander

Commander of the US Seventh Fleet, Vice Admiral Scott H. Swift, feels that dialogues and frank discussions are the best solution to the ongoing disputes in the Indo-Pacific region.

Did Lavrov’s India trip reset India-Russia ties?
Apr 09, 2021

Did Lavrov’s India trip reset India-Russia ties?

Despite public display of affection, all is not well in the India-Russia relationship.

Diverging US and Indian Approaches to Europe: The Problem of Ukraine
Aug 14, 2023

Diverging US and Indian Approaches to Europe: The Problem of Ukraine

The US-India strategic partnership is rooted in the Indo-Pacific region. Nonetheless, developments in Europe, such as the war in Ukraine, have implications for US-India cooperation. The Ukraine conflict could distract the US, diverting its attention to Europe, and impeding its efforts to build Indian strategic capacity. Differing responses to the war can also create tensions between the two countries, as the US seeks to punish Russia, and

Does AUKUS Augment or Diminish the Quad?
Sep 23, 2021

Does AUKUS Augment or Diminish the Quad?

AUKUS fits into a growing network of minilaterials crisscrossing the Indo-Pacific and rooted in shared strategic interests.

Does South Asia exist?
Jun 19, 2008

Does South Asia exist?

The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) of Stanford University and the Observer Research Foundation, had co-sponsored a conference entitled "Does South Asia exist? - Prospects for Regionalism in South Asia." As the title suggests there was considerable and intense debate on this subject during the two-day conference.

East Asia’s History Wars
Jan 20, 2021

East Asia’s History Wars

This brief examines the historical dimension of the tensions between Japan and South Korea and its implications on the current breakdown in their bilateral relationship. It argues that the battle over historical memory has led to lasting animosity between the two countries, contributing to serious problems in their defence ties and creating space for China to expand its influence in the region. The brief explores why efforts to overcome the histo

Emergent axis
Dec 18, 2024

Emergent axis

Leaving Moscow to engage with North Korea may also free China of the burden of having to justify its relations with North Korea in light of Beijing’s increasing business interests with the West

Enhancing Aerospace Power Engagement Among the Quad Countries: A Roadmap
May 13, 2024

Enhancing Aerospace Power Engagement Among the Quad Countries: A Roadmap

The Indo-Pacific region is becoming the world's new strategic and economic ‘centre of gravity’. Indeed, the accelerated trajectory of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) in recent years highlights the region’s growing importance. The Quad countries have committed to a rules-based order and a free and open Indo-Pacific, and are aiming to develop resilience across domains, such as in the maritime space, to counter and deter aggressive

EU Summit Focuses on COVID, But No Breakthrough on IPR Waiver
May 10, 2021

EU Summit Focuses on COVID, But No Breakthrough on IPR Waiver

Under WTO rules such a move would require consensus that can only be worked out by extensive negotiations.

Europe’s China Policy in Disarray
Apr 29, 2023

Europe’s China Policy in Disarray

Whether France can be a trusted partner in managing China is a question that many have asked after the fiasco of Macron’s visit.

Event Report | Foreign policy under Xi Jinping
Sep 06, 2019

Event Report | Foreign policy under Xi Jinping

The event revolved around the current Chinese foreign policy in south-east Asia, its BRI project and relations with the Indo-Pacific countries and how the world views China under these geopolitical scenarios and Chinese reactions towards them.

Examining Manila's Contemporary West Philippine Sea Strategy
May 23, 2024

Examining Manila's Contemporary West Philippine Sea Strategy

As China pursues its expansionist ambitions in the greater South China Sea, Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. is working to enhance his country’s ability to exercise its sovereignty and sovereign rights. Towards this end, Manila is expanding its strategic options through robust external partnerships and national policy recalibrations to secure its lawful waters in what it calls the West Philippine Sea. There are concerns, however, abou

Exploring India’s maritime connectivity in the extended Bay of Bengal
Nov 28, 2019

Exploring India’s maritime connectivity in the extended Bay of Bengal

This report makes an appraisal of the geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic dimensions of the linkages between India’s east coast and the ‘extended Bay’—Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia—with respect to port logistics, trade interactions, disaster management and strategic convergences. The aim of this study is three-fold: a) to examine the existing nature of port and commercial linkages between India and the aforesaid lit

Exploring New Trends in Development Finance through Private Capital
Jul 27, 2021

Exploring New Trends in Development Finance through Private Capital

This brief examines the efficacy of the inclusion of private capital in development finance, using the cases of certain countries that have met with success in utilising such a strategy. It underlines the experiences of institutions like the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and the United States International Development Finance Corporation (US-IDFC) that use innovative financial tools to support international financial institution

Exploring the blue in the India-France partnership
Feb 10, 2023

Exploring the blue in the India-France partnership

Their established ties rest on a foundation of common values and goals

Facilitating India-Myanmar Trade Through Sittwe Port: Opportunities and Challenges
Feb 04, 2025

Facilitating India-Myanmar Trade Through Sittwe Port: Opportunities and Challenges

Sittwe Port in Myanmar’s Rakhine State is part of India’s Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport project. It connects India’s northeastern states to the Bay of Bengal, advancing the country’s Act East policy and strengthening regional connectivity. Operational since May 2023, the port has handled over 109,000 tonnes of cargo so far, showcasing its potential to bolster trade. However, challenges to the port’s commercial viability persist,

Fixing Cyber Vulnerabilities: An Agenda for the Quad
Feb 16, 2024

Fixing Cyber Vulnerabilities: An Agenda for the Quad

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked rapid digitalisation worldwide, with work-from-home interactions, online payments, and online consultations for various services becoming acceptable practices. While this shift in the manner and nature of work brought enormous benefits, crucially in terms of access, it has also increased the kind of cyber security threats that countries face, with vulnerabilities felt particularly in the health and financial sectors.

For a Quad strategy
Nov 26, 2019

For a Quad strategy

‘Indo-Pacific’ is being used loosely to mean different things to different nations

Forging India-Taiwan Engagement: Theoretical Foundations, Policy Debates, and Pragmatic Pathways
Jul 29, 2025

Forging India-Taiwan Engagement: Theoretical Foundations, Policy Debates, and Pragmatic Pathways

As India and Taiwan complete 30 years of informal relations this year, there is scope to deepen cooperation in the domains of trade, technology, digitalisation, and security. This paper offers a framework for India’s engagement with Taiwan, identifies the pillars of their current relationship and areas for future collaboration, and explores the limitations and challenges. The dual-track engagement—proactive engagement and soft balancing with

France is looking for new allies in Asia
Jul 20, 2019

France is looking for new allies in Asia

It would be worth France, India, and Japan beginning an institutionalised and wide-ranging dialogue to ensure that the three of them can better coordinate their activities in the Indo-Pacific — not necessarily to counter China, but to encourage it to cooperate.

France-India-UAE Trilateral: India’s Minilateral Engagements Ticks Up
Feb 16, 2023

France-India-UAE Trilateral: India’s Minilateral Engagements Ticks Up

The trilateral partnership has the potential to emerge as an action-oriented minilateral in the broader Indo-Pacific.

From Engagement to Competitive Co-Existence: The U.S. and its China Challenge
Nov 26, 2024

From Engagement to Competitive Co-Existence: The U.S. and its China Challenge

Beginning in 2017, the first Trump Administration steered United States (US)-China relations from engagement to competition. Thereafter, Biden largely built on this policy, while giving indications of moving towards a phase of “competitive co-existence”. Under Biden, the US sought to reassure China that it was adopting a strategy of “de-risking” and not “de-coupling,” and its goal was to adopt a technology export regime that would als

From Pacifism to Strategic Maturity: The Evolution of Japan’s Security Diplomacy
Jan 20, 2026

From Pacifism to Strategic Maturity: The Evolution of Japan’s Security Diplomacy

The launch of Japan’s Official Security Assistance (OSA) framework in 2023 signalled a step further in the departure from a strictly pacifist aid model toward a more proactive approach to security diplomacy. Rooted in the 2022 revision of Japan’s National Security Strategy, the OSA institutionalises Tokyo’s gradual reinterpretation of constitutional and normative restraints on military assistance, while maintaining an emphasis on transparen

From ‘Look East’ to ‘Act East’: Mapping India’s Southeast Asian Engagement
May 05, 2025

From ‘Look East’ to ‘Act East’: Mapping India’s Southeast Asian Engagement

India’s engagement with Southeast Asia entered a new phase following Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third consecutive electoral victory in June 2024. With the ‘Act East’ policy too, marking its 10th anniversary in 2024, New Delhi has intensified its regional outreach through an unprecedented series of high-level diplomatic exchanges, security partnerships, and strategic dialogues. This brief examines how this surge in engagement is both a

From ‘Pivot to Asia’ to Trump’s ARIA: What drives the US’ Current Asia policy?
Feb 19, 2020

From ‘Pivot to Asia’ to Trump’s ARIA: What drives the US’ Current Asia policy?

After President Donald Trump’s 2017 visit to Asia, the Indo-Pacific region assumed greater significance in the United States’ foreign policy calculus, as articulated in the ‘Indo-Pacific Strategy Report’ released by the US Department of Defence. On 31 December 2018, Trump passed the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (ARIA), which authorises US$1.5 billion in spending for a range of US programmes in East Asia and Southeast Asia to “develop

G-20 की बैठक में क्यों छाया रहा LAC का मुद्दा
Jul 09, 2022

G-20 की बैठक में क्यों छाया रहा LAC का मुद्दा

इस अंतरराष्‍ट्रीय मंच पर चीन के विदेश मंत्री एलएसी की समस्‍या को छोड़ भारत-चीन संबंधों पर ज्‍यादा बोले. चीनी विदेश मंत्री ने कहा कि चीन एवं भारत के संबंधों में सुधार की दिश�