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Towards an Integrated ‘Blue Economy’ Framework in the Bay of Bengal
Oct 14, 2020

Towards an Integrated ‘Blue Economy’ Framework in the Bay of Bengal

The Blue Economy (BE) is a resonant theme among Bay of Bengal states. Despite recent efforts by governments in the region to promote blue growth, however, there is yet no comprehensive, region-wide agenda for marine governance. This brief looks at ways in which Bay states can harmonise their BE approaches to develop an integrated strategy. By collectively investing in technology, innovation, and governance systems, the governments of these littor

Ufa BRICS Summit boost for Indian economy
Jul 21, 2015

Ufa BRICS Summit boost for Indian economy

There are three major takeaways for India from the Ufa BRICS Declaration. First, the focus on increasing trade-ties amongst BRICS nations, second, strengthening cooperation amongst BRICS in areas of Information, Communication, and Technology (ICTs) and third, India's role at the United Nations.

What are we doing even as China tries to fix its economy?
Oct 27, 2015

What are we doing even as China tries to fix its economy?

China's ruling Communist Party, at its plenum, will deliberate on the economic and social agenda for China over the next five years focusing on financial reforms and how to maintain growth of around seven per cent. Contrast this with India where the new administration appears somnolent.

Young Indians distrust China, Pakistan; rate pandemic, economy as big challenges
Aug 17, 2021

Young Indians distrust China, Pakistan; rate pandemic, economy as big challenges

The Observer Research Foundation first conceptualised the foreign policy survey last year to build on the existing strand of polling research in India. In December 2020, the poll sampled 2,037 Indians aged 18-35 from 14 cities

"अफेक्शन इकोनॉमी": समानता, समुदाय और सॉफ्ट पावर ही है नए युग की नई मुद्रा
Aug 21, 2025

"अफेक्शन इकोनॉमी": समानता, समुदाय और सॉफ्ट पावर ही है नए युग की नई मुद्रा

भविष्य उन लोगों का है, जो इस बात को अच्छी तरह समझते हैं कि तकनीकी और आर्थिक प्रगति ने मानव समूहों को सामाजिक रूप से एक पुरातन दौर में वापस ला दिया है. इस समय समृद्धि, प्रभाव और �

#Elections2017: More wasted children, anaemic men, women than before in Punjab
Feb 02, 2017

#Elections2017: More wasted children, anaemic men, women than before in Punjab

As Punjab prepares for assembly elections, its economy is declining and ill-health plaguing people of all ages.

#IMF: अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष की मदद से संकटग्रस्त श्रीलंका का कितना भला हो पाता?
Jul 13, 2022

#IMF: अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष की मदद से संकटग्रस्त श्रीलंका का कितना भला हो पाता?

इस क्राइसिस से जो संदेश मिला, वो यह कि जब एक अच्छी अर्थव्यवस्था का कुप्रबंधन किया जाता है, जब राजनेता सिर्फ अपनी जेब भरते हैं और लोगों की परेशानिया हल नहीं कर पाते तो उसका नत�

#South Asia: संकट के समय पड़ोसियों के लिए बड़े भाई की भूमिका में भारत; चीन के जाल में फंसे श्रीलंका समेत  ...
Jul 21, 2022

#South Asia: संकट के समय पड़ोसियों के लिए बड़े भाई की भूमिका में भारत; चीन के जाल में फंसे श्रीलंका समेत कई देश!

श्रीलंका के क़र्ज़ जाल में श्रीलंका समेत कई देश फंसते जा रहे हैं. इनमें भारत के कई पड़ोसी देश शामिल हैं. भारत ऐसे देशों की ओर मदद का हाथ बढ़ाकर बड़े भाई की भूमिका में सामने आ रहा

#भारत-चीन संबंध: दोनों देशों के आपसी संबंधों में फिर से तनाव!
Sep 01, 2022

#भारत-चीन संबंध: दोनों देशों के आपसी संबंधों में फिर से तनाव!

श्रीलंका में भारतीय और चीनी राजनयिक मिशन के बीच एक चीनी मिलिट्री रिसर्च पोत के वहां पहुंचने को लेकर सोशल मीडिया पर बहस छिड़ गई.

#श्रीलंका की आर्थिक-राजनीतिक दुर्दशा के बाद दुनिया के कई मुल्‍कों में बजी ख़तरे की घंटी!
Jul 20, 2022

#श्रीलंका की आर्थिक-राजनीतिक दुर्दशा के बाद दुनिया के कई मुल्‍कों में बजी ख़तरे की घंटी!

ख़ुशहाल और समृद्ध देशों में शुमार श्रीलंका की आर्थिक बदहाली के बाद दुनिया के इन मुल्‍कों की चिंता बढ़ गई है. इसमें पाकिस्तान और नेपाल भी शामिल हैं. बता दें कि श्रीलंका अपनी आ�

'Going Dark' in India: The legal and security dimensions of encryption
Dec 13, 2016

'Going Dark' in India: The legal and security dimensions of encryption

Encrypting communications enhances privacy and the security of information services. This, in turn, incentivises innovation in the ICT sector and contributes significantly to the growth of the internet economy. India’s (now withdrawn) Draft National Encryption Policy was single-minded in its approach. It sought only to prescribe standards that would enable law enforcement agencies to access encrypted data. There are, however, multifarious conc

'Ugly American' is back: Shun all the failed ideas
Mar 17, 2018

'Ugly American' is back: Shun all the failed ideas

Prudence lies in following the Chinese strategy of subordinating muscular diplomacy to economic growth. It remains in India’s interest to adhere to the open economy model.

..तर वाहन उद्योगाची चाके धावतील
Oct 18, 2019

..तर वाहन उद्योगाची चाके धावतील

जागतिक पातळीवर पर्यावरणपूरक गोष्टींचा वापर वाढल्याने वाहन कंपन्यांना तंत्रज्ञान बदलावर मोठा खर्च करावा लागतो आहे. त्यामुळे खर्च वाढून नफा कमी होतो आहे.

2013 could be beginning of watershed moment in China's history
Jan 21, 2014

2013 could be beginning of watershed moment in China's history

The distinction between individual aspirations and a national dream is clear to the Chinese government where there are contradictions between the political system and the consumerism-driven economy, according to US university professor Dr. Tansen Sen.

24×7 cities: Recommendations for an India playbook
May 12, 2023

24×7 cities: Recommendations for an India playbook

In 2016, the Indian government cleared the Model Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, allowing retail establishments to remain open throughout the day and night. Proponents say that when fully implemented, the act will drive nighttime economy and, in turn, increase cities’ incomes. In the past few years, certain states have begun implementing such concept of “24×7 cities”, including Mumbai, Ah

A Blueprint for Shaping India–Armenia Economic Partnership
Oct 10, 2025

A Blueprint for Shaping India–Armenia Economic Partnership

As India and Armenia advance their partnership, currently anchored in defence ties, the economic dimension requires greater attention from both sides. With Armenia seeking to diversify its diplomatic and economic partners, and India expanding its footprint in Eurasia, both countries stand to benefit from building greater economic ties through value-added economic partnerships. This brief outlines a blueprint for advancing cooperation across six k

A Calculated Realignment
Jul 19, 2025

A Calculated Realignment

The renewed Global South outreach of India is a balancing act

A Decade of ‘Digital India Mission’: Achievements, Gaps, and the Way Forward
Aug 14, 2025

A Decade of ‘Digital India Mission’: Achievements, Gaps, and the Way Forward

The Digital India Mission was launched in 2015 by the Government of India with the aim of transform the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Over the past decade, it has played a pivotal role in driving India’s digital transformation. As the mission marks its 10th anniversary, this report makes an assessment of its impact so far and explores its further potential. It evaluates the budgetary trends and examines outco

A fiscal storm looms: Don’t wait for Godot!
Jun 06, 2018

A fiscal storm looms: Don’t wait for Godot!

The consequences for the domestic economy will be harshly adverse.

A four-point action plan to achieve national targets on climate 
Mar 24, 2022

A four-point action plan to achieve national targets on climate 

What structural and conceptual frameworks need to be adopted to achieve its climate pledges? 

A Framework for Effective Risk Assessment of AI-Biotechnology Convergence
Dec 17, 2024

A Framework for Effective Risk Assessment of AI-Biotechnology Convergence

Advances in disruptive technologies have enabled scientists to engineer biological systems and create more efficient and sustainable products for a range of purposes. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) with biotechnology has contributed to the development of therapeutics and vaccines, helped address food security, aided in generating innovative processes to mitigate the effects of climate change, and expanded the bioeconomy. However,

A Guarantee Of Continuity
Jun 24, 2024

A Guarantee Of Continuity

Modi’s re-election assures India’s allies that Delhi will play a leading role in shaping the new world order

A New Agenda, A New Forum?
Dec 15, 2003

A New Agenda, A New Forum?

The coincidence is striking. The US ¿ban¿ on ¿non-participants¿ in the ¿international coalition¿ to participate in $ 18-billions worth of ¿works contract¿ for Iraq¿s reconstruction, and also the follow-up talks on the deadlocked WTO negotiations at Cancun. Between them, the two may have begun designing a new course for politics and cooperation in the international arena, where economy now has a major say.

A new chapter in defence and tech
Feb 22, 2023

A new chapter in defence and tech

The India-U.S. initiative on critical and emerging technologies could have a transformative impact on bilateral relations

A New Social Contract for the Digital Age
Dec 19, 2018

A New Social Contract for the Digital Age

A new social contract between citizens, consumers, employees, the state, and enterprise is needed to delineate a new understanding around rights, responsibilities and entitlements. Digital  transformations  are  rapidly  altering  the  nature  of  work,  models  of employment,    contracts,    regulations    and    protections.    Increasingly,    the responsibilities  of the state are becoming the obligations  of,�

A Proposed Architecture for a Central Bank Digital Currency for India
Dec 16, 2021

A Proposed Architecture for a Central Bank Digital Currency for India

Most central banks across the globe are today seized with the idea of cryptocurrency, with countries like Sweden and China already embarking on their pilot projects. This paper argues that most of the proposed architectures for a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) are not designed to mimic the paper currency in its digital form. It proposes an architecture that largely retains all the properties of a paper currency, with only one limitation—i

A record boom
Dec 13, 2023

A record boom

India is still a net importer, but its momentum is in the right direction.

A spymaster who now has the Pakistan Army’s reins
Dec 01, 2022

A spymaster who now has the Pakistan Army’s reins

As the 17th Army Chief of Pakistan, General Syed Asim Munir faces challenges in ensuring political stability and elevating people’s perception of the Army, while India needs to wait and watch

A transformative moment
Mar 29, 2021

A transformative moment

India and Bangladesh, acting together, can drive South Asia’s economic and social progress

A Troubling Economic Trajectory in Bangladesh
Jan 17, 2023

A Troubling Economic Trajectory in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s sensational growth story masks some concerning structural weaknesses that are now coming into play.

A wasted gift
Aug 10, 2018

A wasted gift

India’s government recently announced a safeguard duty (SGD) on solar cells and modules from China (and Malaysia) starting with 25% in the first year. This decision does not only jeopardise the own renewable energy targets but also harm the own economy. Why not let pay China for India's energy transition?

Abe leaves behind a formidable legacy
Jul 11, 2022

Abe leaves behind a formidable legacy

The former PM’s vision was focused on reaffirming Japan’s place in the world. He revitalised the economy, fought hard to reverse the nation’s pacifist stance and gave the world the construct of the Indo-Pacific

Agenda for Economic Reform P. N. DHARI. G. PATELM NARASIMHAMR. N. MALHOTRA
Jun 24, 2021

Agenda for Economic Reform P. N. DHARI. G. PATELM NARASIMHAMR. N. MALHOTRA

ndia was facing a massive balance of payment crisis when the Observer Research Foundation released a document, ‘Agenda for Economic Reform’, on 1 July 1991. The Agenda outlined the reasons for the crisis and recommended a broad strategy to enable the country to overcome it. As India marks 30 years since the start of widespread reforms that opened up the economy, ORF revisits the recommendations outlined in the document.

Agenda for the new Govt: Reform and restructure the national security system
May 19, 2014

Agenda for the new Govt: Reform and restructure the national security system

Across Asia, there is a great demand for India to play a more active role, one befitting its size and interests. But, whenever push comes to shove, we run up against two problems-first, our economy that lacks heft and second, our military which unable to play a role outside our borders.

AI च्या शर्यतीत 'महासत्ता' कोण? जागतिक सत्तेसाठी डेटाची नवी लढाई
Feb 17, 2026

AI च्या शर्यतीत 'महासत्ता' कोण? जागतिक सत्तेसाठी डेटाची नवी लढाई

येणाऱ्या काळात कोणत्या देशाचे लष्करी बळ आणि आर्थिक ताकद अधिक आहे किंवा सामाजिक प्रभाव जास्त आहे, त्यावर कोण AI निर्माण करील आणि प्रशिक्षित करील हे अवलंबून आहे. विविध क्षेत�