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“Nationalisation,” Indira Gandhi proclaimed, “is necessary for the speedy achievement of these objectives.”

The G20 has gradually transformed itself from a forum for economic crisis management — through international cooperation and discussion on specific

A stronger partnership with China could attract the additional capital inflows that Italy sorely needs, given constrained lending by its banks.

Beyond the basic building blocks, for a hub to work effectively, its ‘ecosystem’ needs to function as an integrated system with feedback loops and

Policymakers at the highest level in India needs to take cognizance of these developments in Africa, and take appropriate recourse to secure equity st

Initially offered by post offices and branches of select public sector banks, today, most private sector banks can offer the provident fund scheme to

Through the six decades of SBI’s presence, the initial objective of extending “banking facilities on a large scale, more particularly in the rural

Not all of the bad loan problem that Indian banks are going through is because of fraud

Banking is the only prominent sector within the Indian economy where private corporations are dwarfed by public entities. The sector needs to be recti

The global effort to meet the targets set by the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals will depend crucially on reforming the structure of development finance. Mobilising private capital will be an essential part of this effort, and existing development finance institutions, led by the complex of multilateral development banks (MDBs), will have to re-orient their strategies and functioning to prioritise this mobi

Stringent new capital requirements will choke off financing that’s urgently required to build infrastructure in the developing world.

The bulk of the new banking consumers are digital natives and don’t think of branches as an interface for financial transactions

THE recent land rights issue of the Niyamgiri hills in Orissa seems to have been resolved with Rahul Gandhi's intervention. We are relieved that the ancient Dongria Kondh tribal population would be able to save their hills from exploitation by commercial interests.

They shouldn’t have been nationalized 50 years ago. So why is today’s government perpetuating the problem?

Most central banks across the globe are today seized with the idea of cryptocurrency, with countries like Sweden and China already embarking on their pilot projects. This paper argues that most of the proposed architectures for a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) are not designed to mimic the paper currency in its digital form. It proposes an architecture that largely retains all the properties of a paper currency, with only one limitation—i

India’s aspirations to become the third largest economy in the world by 2027, and a developed country by 2047, need to be backed by a liquid, deep, and well-functioning debt market—something that the country does not have. Banks in India typically lack the ability to sponsor long-term projects because their liabilities are of a relatively shorter tenure. An efficient Indian corporate bond market with lower costs and faster issuances could pro

Worries about fake currency and political considerations drove the final decision, as banks were prepared for the move at the highest levels.

Financial health of Indian banks deserves scrutiny. The RBI should strike a careful balance in its policy objectives. Tighter lending norms are unlikely to be a panacea. It must resist the temptation to resort to such short-term fixes.

The world is off-track in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with financing gaps widening due to geopolitical shifts, rising debt, and the growing impacts of climate change. This brief offers a renewed framework to bridge the SDG financing gaps by strengthening domestic public finance, mobilising sector investments, and reforming the international financial architecture. It highlights the critical need for tax reforms, strat

Since the early 2000s, China's debt profile in Sri Lanka has increased rapidly, with estimates indicating that over 20% of the overall debt stock is owed to China. Beijing's lending has been opaque on high-interest loans and has often contributed to several white elephant projects. Much of this lending comes from Chinese policy banks, such as China Exim Bank and China Development Bank that is entrusted to further Beijing's economic and commercial

In many African countries—some of the most unbanked areas in the world—digital banking applications are redefining what it is to bank in economies with shallow penetration of the formal banking sector, representing an innovative force that is breaking new ground in the long-standing challenge of financial inclusion. This brief explores the emerging world of fintech in the context of Africa, outlining why financial technology applications are

Climate change has emerged amongst India’s most formidable challenges to sustained GDP growth. To accelerate the implementation of the country’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and advance its progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, finance is key. India needs to develop a comprehensive strategy and an integrated policy approach that aligns the country’s financial systems with the long-term needs of the economy while incor

Accumulated non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system, specifically in the public sector banks (PSBs), have adverse effects on credit disbursement. An increasing amount of bad loans have prompted the banks to be extra cautious, which has dried the credit channel. Two components are key in resolving the NPA problem: the immediate task of resolving the current accumulation in the PSBs, and the more important long-term task of ensuri

The traditional urban narrative does not conceive of the relationship between food and city in direct terms. In this narrative, urbanity can be industrial, technological, cultural and innovative—and by extension, its spaces can host factories, institutions of all kinds, governments and corporations, and entrepreneurs. But urbanity cannot be agricultural—and by extension, its spaces cannot host fields, seed banks, poultries, dairies and anythi

शाश्वत आणि सर्वसमावेशक समुदाय निर्माण करण्यासाठी G20 ला आपल्या कृषी-अन्न प्रणालींमध्ये गुंतवणुकीचा वेग वाढवण्यासाठी आपली सहयोगात्मक वचनबद्धता पूर्ण करणे आवश्यक आहे.

Banking to be inclusive would require greater financial literacy and gender equality. All banks should include women, especially poorer ones, in their financial services. Perhaps later on, more banking licences would be granted, perhaps even to big industrial groups.

There is a blithe assumption in India that national construction will happen on its own. That is simply not true. The states and the Union government need ever closer cooperation and coordination in a host of issues. Sadly, what we are confronted by are leaders who are busy shoring up their vote banks, a sure recipe for a crisis somewhere down the line.

The political weight of the Muslims is undeniable in Uttar Pradesh. With nearly 18% of the population, they potentially constitute one of the largest consolidated vote banks, notwithstanding the larger Hindu community, which is highly fragmented along caste and class lines.

The Indo-Pacific, which holds most of the world’s mangroves, faces serious risks from natural disasters, including those related to the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems. Mangroves uphold biodiversity, support ecosystem functionality, and sustain local livelihoods; however, financing their conservation is proving to be a massive challenge. This report examines the ecosystem services provided by mangroves, i

Conflicts between central banks and governments are embedded in the evolving discourse of every democracy. The recent discord between the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) is neither the first nor likely to be the last. Institutionally, once a disagreement between the RBI and the MoF crosses the Rubicon, the government has the power to overrule the central bank’s decisions. Moreover, such a structure is not restricte

This paper dissects the persistent credit crunch that has provoked recent debates on the autonomy of India’s central bank. It tracks the trajectory of the liquidity squeeze, beginning with the wariness of public sector banks to provide credit to high-risk sectors as bad loans mounted. Yet these banks were continuing to provide loans to the NBFCs (non-banking financial companies), which were in turn extending loans to the high-risk sectors (such

Despite a seemingly endless supply of and demand for private credit, the rapid expansion of the market has been a cause of concern for some regulators and executives. Should investors be worried? This brief explores certain aspects of private credit that warrant a close look—including the retailisation of the market and the current interest rate environment. It highlights the implications for financial stability, including the potential for fin

The Digital Silk Road (DSR), part of the Belt and Road Initiative, symbolises China’s approach to expanding information exchanges and digital cooperation with emerging markets and developing economies. Under the DSR, several private corporations and state-owned enterprises supported by Chinese state banks are offering inexpensive technological contracts and rapidly building digital infrastructure projects. This brief examines the operationalisa

The global climate finance architecture tends to restrain emerging economies from mobilising and accessing global private commercial capital for energy transition. This brief explores the different global financial regulations that influence climate capital flows between countries, and argues that institutions must enhance their role in facilitating the optimal allocation of capital. It evaluates the role of Multilateral Development Banks from a

The failure of global finance to create a bridge between savings that earn low returns in the global north and the projects that would create much-needed infrastructure in the global south has caused a crisis that needs the attention of global regulators. Among the multiple causes of this crisis is the stringent regulatory response to the 2008 financial crisis, including new lending norms for banks; the tardy response of institutional investors t

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges defining the 21st century, and ways to deal with it occupy an important space in current policymaking discourse. Central banks in different parts of the world have recently started playing a part in articulating strategies to combat climate change. This brief explores the position of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in this regard. It outlines the physical and transition risks associated wit

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising solution to the challenges of inefficiency and high compliance costs in the fight against money laundering. This brief examines the capabilities, benefits, and challenges of AI in the context of detecting and preventing financial crime. The brief explores the ways in which AI can aid anti-money laundering efforts, particularly by reducing compliance costs and enhancing efficiency. The findin

Sustainable finance emerged as a key issue to tackle climate change at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference and is spurring a global transition to net zero. A peculiar feature of the race to net zero is that it cannot be achieved unless all countries can meet their targets, and any positive step towards it will benefit all countries. The drive to achieve carbon neutrality and net-zero emissions needs to be targeted through a range of

जैवबँक हा जैवभांडाराचा एक प्रकार आहे, ज्यात जीवशास्त्रीय संशोधनात वापरण्यासाठीचे जैविक नमुने (सामान्यतः मानवी) संग्रहित केले जातात आणि त्याचे परिणाम विविध देशांतील लो�

आंतरराष्ट्रीय विकास बँका जर आपल्या मर्यादांवर मात करू शकल्या, तरच १०० अब्ज अमेरिकी डॉलर मदतीचे लक्ष्य गाठणे त्यांना शक्य होणार आहे.

चलनवाढीवर लक्ष केंद्रित करण्याच्या जबाबदारीचा केंद्रीय बँकांना विसर पडत चालला आहे असे दिसून आले आहे. याच पार्श्वभूमीवर, दिवसेंदिवस महागाई आटोक्यात आणणे कठीण होत चालले �

रिझर्व्ह बँकेच्या नव्या धोरणामुळे देशातील वित्तीय तंत्रज्ञान (Fintech) उद्योगाला बळकटी मिळणार आहे. त्यामुळे डिजिटल पेमेन्ट्स क्षेत्रात आनंदाचे वातावरण आहे.

हवामान बदलामुळे उद्भवणाऱ्या आपत्तीजनक संकटांचा विपरीत परिणाम भारतासारख्या कृषी आधारित अर्थव्यवस्थेवरही होणार आहे.