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Examining India’s Interim Defence Budget 2024-‘25
Feb 26, 2024

Examining India’s Interim Defence Budget 2024-‘25

Presenting the Interim Budget 2024-’25 on 1 February, the finance minister announced an allocation of INR 6,21,541 crore (approx. US$75 billion) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Representing 1.9 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 13 percent of Central Government Expenditure (CGE), MoD’s new budget is an increase of 4.7 percent over the previous outlays. This brief examines the MoD’s latest budget and contextualises it in the curr

From War Zone to China’s Poster Child, to Economic Despair: Angola’s 40-Year Journey
Jan 28, 2021

From War Zone to China’s Poster Child, to Economic Despair: Angola’s 40-Year Journey

Angola is rich in natural wealth, with massive petroleum and diamond deposits across its territory. Most of its people, however, continue to live in poverty. Since its independence in 1975, Angola has had a tumultuous journey: from being a war zone, to becoming a poster child for Chinese engagement in the continent, and since 2015, declining to its current state where the challenges are so massive—negative growth rates, high external debt, risi

High on Revenue, Low on Capital: India’s Defence Budget 2023-24
Feb 11, 2023

High on Revenue, Low on Capital: India’s Defence Budget 2023-24

This brief examines India’s defence budget for 2023-24. It outlines the economic context for India’s latest defence allocations, and examines the drivers of growth, the broad distribution of resources among the defence forces, and the impact of such distribution on modernisation and the domestic defence industry. The brief posits that the new defence budget, coming on the back of a hefty mid-year upward revision of the previous alloca

How does India's launched K-4 stack up against Pakistan, China?
Feb 01, 2017

How does India's launched K-4 stack up against Pakistan, China?

Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the K-4 will be an intermediate range submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM).

India and Australia: From 4,000 nautical miles to 22 yards
Oct 24, 2019

India and Australia: From 4,000 nautical miles to 22 yards

Ties between India and Australia are wide-ranging: from geostrategic cooperation and trade, to soft power mechanisms such as cricket and tourism. This paper makes a case for improving bilateral relations between New Delhi and Canberra. While there are substantial opportunities for trade and investment flows between the two countries, the engagements have been largely underdeveloped over the years. The immense scope of complementarities between th

India may be upset by Australian decision on 457 visa, but shouldn’t be equally short-sighted
Apr 24, 2017

India may be upset by Australian decision on 457 visa, but shouldn’t be equally short-sighted

India and Australia are at the centre of a strategic flux in the Indo-Pacific.

India-Africa Forum Summit May 24-25, 2011
May 30, 2011

India-Africa Forum Summit May 24-25, 2011

At the second Africa-India Forum Summit held in Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa on May 24-25, notable points for cooperation were established with hopes of further strengthening the longstanding relationship between India and African nations.

Indian Ocean Dialogue 2014
May 09, 2014

Indian Ocean Dialogue 2014

Observer Research Foundation, with support from the Ministry of External Affairs, hosted the Indian Ocean Dialogue 2014. The event witnessed participation of delegates from the far corners of the Indian Ocean and beyond, capturing the vastness and diversity of the region.

India’s Climate Diplomacy: A Review (2014-2024)
Mar 18, 2025

India’s Climate Diplomacy: A Review (2014-2024)

India has a role to play in global climate diplomacy, with its large population, fast-growing economy, and vulnerabilities to the consequences of climate change. Utilising a review of existing literature, this brief evaluates the country’s involvement in international climate forums in the past decade, its negotiation strategies and policy coherence, and their effectiveness. It finds that India’s strategy for climate diplomacy has aimed for a

India’s Place in Australia’s National Defense Strategy 2024
Apr 24, 2024

India’s Place in Australia’s National Defense Strategy 2024

The pace of growth in the Australia-India strategic relationship is quite impressive, but New Delhi’s hesitance on hard security issues may hamper further developments.

Interpreting Elections-2004
May 29, 2004

Interpreting Elections-2004

Now that the dust is settling down on post-poll government-formation at the Centre, revisiting Elections-2004 may be in order. If anything, it could hold a candle to the future of Indian polity, and the roles that the nation¿s political parties may have to be prepared for, if they need to keep the voter on their side.