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India’s Enduring Urban Housing Shortage: The Case for Upgrading Informal Settlements
Nov 17, 2021

India’s Enduring Urban Housing Shortage: The Case for Upgrading Informal Settlements

In 2015, the Indian government launched the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) as a response to the perennial challenge of shortage in urban housing. As of June 2021, 11.2 million houses have been sanctioned under PMAY-U, of which 4.8 million have been completed. However, various analyses indicate that PMAY-U dwellings may be insufficient in quantity, and that some of them may be either unaffordable or unviable for those who need them the

India’s fight against health emergencies: In search of a legal architecture
May 24, 2023

India’s fight against health emergencies: In search of a legal architecture

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 (caused by the novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) has exposed glaring gaps in India’s domestic laws. Absent a rationally structured legislation to fall back on, the Union government in March advised states to invoke the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897 to tackle the pandemic in their jurisdictions. The 123-year-old colonial law, however, does not even define what a disease is, let alone an epidemic or a pandemic. Ind

India’s Grand Strategy: A Framework for the Future that Builds on Bharat’s Ancient Statecraft of Peace, Prosperity, and Planet
Jun 26, 2024

India’s Grand Strategy: A Framework for the Future that Builds on Bharat’s Ancient Statecraft of Peace, Prosperity, and Planet

Aspiring to become a US$30-trillion economy by 2047, surrounded by hostile nations, and leading the idea of multipolarity in a bipolar world, India needs to articulate a grand strategy that has been missing in its statecraft. With the necessary conditions for such an endeavour in place, it is time for Bharat, under Narendra Modi’s third term as prime minister, to thread the three core aspects of executing such a grand strategy: articulating the

India’s Liberalised (Yet Restrictive) Visa Policy
Jul 04, 2016

India’s Liberalised (Yet Restrictive) Visa Policy

India introduced its e-tourist visa (eTV) policy in November 2014. Despite initially impressive results in terms of increased arrivals, there is no indication that such modest success will create a significant impact on tourism, or prove to be sustainable in the long run. This paper finds that the policy’s very design-and the various weaknesses in its modalities-make it less attractive to travelers, compared to the ‘traditional’ tourist

India’s Look Far East: Strengthening Indo-Russian relations or something more
Jan 18, 2020

India’s Look Far East: Strengthening Indo-Russian relations or something more

India’s interest could be more than economic, spilling over into the domain of strategy.

India’s management of global fluidity
Dec 07, 2018

India’s management of global fluidity

The Indo-Pacific construct is now at the centre of strategic jockeying in the region and the three nations — Japan, America and India — have been trying to define the exact scope of their engagement.

India’s maritime connectivity and importance of the Bay of Bengal
Aug 15, 2018

India’s maritime connectivity and importance of the Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal region is more than a channel for commerce — it has become an arena for power projection.

India’s missile test spotlights its lingering space challenges
Mar 29, 2019

India’s missile test spotlights its lingering space challenges

While a recent test is no doubt historic, New Delhi has much work left to do to address the challenges that remain.

India’s multipolar commitment
Nov 02, 2018

India’s multipolar commitment

With a modern diplomatic history going back to Gandhi and Nehru, India views its role in the Middle East as a supporter of multiple powers. But how long can India’s commitment to a multipolar Middle East continue?

India’s must look beyond ASEAN in regional security
Nov 08, 2019

India’s must look beyond ASEAN in regional security

In recognition of ASEAN’s limitations, New Delhi must also continue to strengthen its ties with other institutions, frameworks, and countries as well.

India’s national security election: Why it’s advantage Modi
Apr 11, 2019

India’s national security election: Why it’s advantage Modi

The Indian prime minister’s national security credentials are poised to have benefits at the polls.

India’s rocky road to the Indo-Pacific
Aug 02, 2018

India’s rocky road to the Indo-Pacific

While India rhetorically endorses the idea of the Indo-Pacific, three issues prevent actual operationalisation of the concept for New Delhi.

India’s short-sighted stand will damage its credibility in Southeast Asia
Aug 09, 2019

India’s short-sighted stand will damage its credibility in Southeast Asia

India’s silence on developments in the South China Sea is highly unlikely to win it a lasting friendship with China but has the potential to do it some lasting damage.

India’s skillful posturing with the US
Oct 20, 2018

India’s skillful posturing with the US

India and the US may have policy differences on Russia and Iran, but keep big-picture focus on defense cooperation

India’s South China Sea policy has not changed. Now, as before, there’s no appetite to challenge China
Sep 16, 2019

India’s South China Sea policy has not changed. Now, as before, there’s no appetite to challenge China

India’s back-to-back moves to boost relations with Japan and Russia, particularly in security matters, appear to indicate it wants a bigger naval role in the contested South China Sea to counter a rising China. The reality is far different

India’s Space Program: The commercial domain
May 10, 2019

India’s Space Program: The commercial domain

The establishment of a new private institution has spotlighted New Delhi’s ongoing efforts to build out the commercial aspect of its space program.

India’s strategy in the China-Russia-USA triangle
Dec 20, 2019

India’s strategy in the China-Russia-USA triangle

Delhi wants to remain an Eurasian power, swinging between East and West according to its priorities. Its military ties with Moscow. The economic importance of Beijing. America as a strategic counterweight – as long as it works.

India’s surgical strikes: What they can and cannot achieve
Jun 28, 2017

India’s surgical strikes: What they can and cannot achieve

Nine months after the surgical strikes, what is the verdict on the efficacy to deter Pakistan from its sub-conventional warfare?

India’s tryst with 2019
Jan 02, 2019

India’s tryst with 2019

From elections in India to Trump running the Presidential show on his terms, to Brexit — here is a wrap of what to look forward to in 2019.

India’s tryst with destiny may never come
Apr 11, 2019

India’s tryst with destiny may never come

As voting begins, the world’s biggest democracy should realize that its rise isn’t inevitable and will require greater courage from its next government.

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios
Sep 25, 2023

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios

This paper projects the nationwide and state-wise size of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) market under various GDP growth scenarios. The market sizes under these scenarios are expressed in monetary values at the scale of both sub-national units and the Indian economy as a whole. With the help of transactions and market share data from Phonepe, a UPI company, the paper estimates the national and state-wise base case scenario market volu

Indo-Israeli relations set to improve
Jun 20, 2014

Indo-Israeli relations set to improve

It is likely that Indo-Israel ties will expand in the political, economic and strategic realms. Israel's Ambassador to India, Alon Ushpiz, stressed that the bilateral relationship has surpassed a "buyer-seller relationship," and Israel's long experience of working jointly with Narendra Modi has yielded tangible results.

Indo-Pak Dialogue Process: Moving Forward
May 19, 2004

Indo-Pak Dialogue Process: Moving Forward

The process of rapprochement between India and Pakistan began during the SAARC summit at Islamabad in January 2004. The two estranged neighbors set aside the bitterness of the recent past and decided to work together for peace and stability. That such a beginning could be made is itself a major achievement.

Indo-Pak Mirage or Reality?
May 24, 2005

Indo-Pak Mirage or Reality?

Since January, 2004, there has been a wind of change in Indo-Pak relations for which credit has to be equally shared by Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee, the former Prime Minister, and Dr.Manmohan Singh, the present. Rhetoric has given place to seeming reason and confrontation to conviviality.

Indo-Pak Nuclear CBMs: Time to Move Forward
Jun 16, 2004

Indo-Pak Nuclear CBMs: Time to Move Forward

As part of the Indo-Pak Composite Dialogue process, the two countries will hold official-level talks in nuclear confidence building measures (CBMs) on June 19-20, 2004. This is a welcome development since the last round of such discussions was held at the ill-fated Lahore summit in February 1999, even though the CBMs agreed upon were rather general in nature and, at least in spirit, the Pakistan army was not a willing party to them.

Indo-Pak relations under new Govt
May 09, 2014

Indo-Pak relations under new Govt

There is very little doubt that there would be a change of Government in Delhi from June, 2014. It is also most likely that the new Government will be that of the National Democratic Alliance. The BJP is the largest single party among the NDA constituents who will present the new Prime Minister.

Indo-Pak ties: From incrementalism to big vision
Dec 20, 2012

Indo-Pak ties: From incrementalism to big vision

As a precursor to the wider project of energy cooperation between Central Asia and South Asia, India and Pakistan must take baby steps towards energy trading as part of their ongoing trade liberalisation. Petro-products delivered by Indian refineries in the north and west to Punjab and Sindh regions would save Pakistan at least $14 per barrel of oil.

Indonesia General Elections 2019: An assessment of potential post-poll impact on foreign policy
Apr 15, 2019

Indonesia General Elections 2019: An assessment of potential post-poll impact on foreign policy

Indonesia’s upcoming general elections will see a rematch between incumbent President Joko Widodo (commonly called ‘Jokowi’) and his long-time rival, retired lieutenant general Prabowo Subianto. This paper examines the potential impact of the elections on Indonesia’s foreign policy, especially on the country’s maritime relations with India and other major powers. In the 2014 elections, the Visi-Misi (or election manifesto) of the incumb

Indus Treaty: Why India cannot afford to fight fire with water
Feb 25, 2019

Indus Treaty: Why India cannot afford to fight fire with water

India must honour its treaty commitments over a resource that everyday lives depend on.

Inside an Elusive Mind  Prabhakaran: Some Comments
Mar 08, 2004

Inside an Elusive Mind Prabhakaran: Some Comments

Sri Lanka has remained a fractured country for the major portion of its existence due to the ethnic divide between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamils. Today, it is again at the crossroads as it awaits the results of the snap general elections, due on April 2, 2004, following the dissolution of Parliament on February 7, 2004 in the wake of seemingly irreconcilable differences between President Chandrika Kumaratunga and Prime Minister R

Intelligence Failures in the USA, UK and Russia: Lessons for India
Oct 20, 2004

Intelligence Failures in the USA, UK and Russia: Lessons for India

Under its International Terrorism Watch Project, the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) organised a one-day Workshop at New Delhi on October 20, 2004, on the theme: "Recent Intelligence Failures in the USA, the UK & Russia: Their Lessons for India".

Interaction with Harold Furchtgott-Roth on China, 5G, and national security
Aug 14, 2019

Interaction with Harold Furchtgott-Roth on China, 5G, and national security

ORF organised an interaction on the extent and security risks of 5G spectrum technology and the role of Huawei as a provider of 5G technology and equipment. The discussion was led by Harold Furchtgott-Roth, chaired by Kanchan Gupta.

International Workshop on Southern Silk Route
May 17, 2008

International Workshop on Southern Silk Route

An International Workshop on Southern Silk Route: Historical Links and Contemporary Convergences was organized in Kolkata by the Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Calcutta from August 2-4, 2008.

Intimations of a very hot summer
Apr 14, 2020

Intimations of a very hot summer

Facing a double whammy — the strategic window closing, and ground situation in Kashmir improving — Pakistan will do whatever it can to create disturbances in J&K to bring the issue back in focus.

IPCC 2022 अहवाल : हवामान बदल रोखण्यामधले सामाजिक घटक
Jan 06, 2023

IPCC 2022 अहवाल : हवामान बदल रोखण्यामधले सामाजिक घटक

यावर्षीचा IPCC अहवाल हा मागणीच्या पातळीवरच उत्सर्जन कमी करून हवामान बदलाची प्रक्रिया रोखण्यावर भर देतो. अशा पद्धतीने काम केलं तर 2050 पर्यंत आपण कार्बन उत्सर्जनामध्ये 40 ते 70 ट�

Iran nuclear agreement: Unclear and extremely vague
Apr 04, 2015

Iran nuclear agreement: Unclear and extremely vague

Iran and the major powers have reached a very preliminary and extremely vague agreement on principles for an agreement, released in the form of a brief joint statement of less than 500 words. Whether this 'agreement about an agreement' would lead to an actual deal is anybody's guess, but it's not going to be easy.

Iran President-elect hints at foreign policy shift
Jun 25, 2013

Iran President-elect hints at foreign policy shift

After garnering more than 50 percent of the votes, Centrist candidate Hassan Rohani won the presidential election in Iran, receiving 18,613,329 out of 36,740,156 votes.

Iran successfully launches military satellite
Apr 24, 2020

Iran successfully launches military satellite

Tehran is using the opportunity to send a strategic message to other powers in the region and beyond.

Iran turns the bend?
Apr 28, 2014

Iran turns the bend?

This year, India's and China's crude oil imports from Iran has risen sharply - up by 43% year-on-year basis and 36% year-on-year basis respectively, according to a Reuters report. World's oil giant companies have also shown interest to return to Iran. Do these indicate that Iran has turned the bend and worst phase of sanctions is over?