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For India, a Complicated SCO Summit
Sep 20, 2022

For India, a Complicated SCO Summit

Across the SCO there is conflict at various levels that complicates India’s engagement, from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to simmering Sino-Indian tensions.

For Kashmiris, the curse of sisyphus may be no curse at all
Nov 05, 2018

For Kashmiris, the curse of sisyphus may be no curse at all

If Kashmiris derive purpose from the process of defiance, with only secondary concern for the outcome of this approach, then the ‘gods’ in Delhi may be condemned to watch in eternity the purposeful repetition of their struggle.

For keeping terror alive
Mar 02, 2005

For keeping terror alive

Since September 11, 2001, Pakistan has been widely, and publicly, acclaimed as an ally in the Global War on Terrorism by the United States. Early this year, the Bush Administration presented a Bill titled Targeting Terrorists More Effectively Act of 2005 to the Congress for budgetary approval.

For Love of Democracy, West Prefers Islamisation In Syria
Oct 15, 2011

For Love of Democracy, West Prefers Islamisation In Syria

The luxury bus leaves downtown Cam hotel to Qassion mountains for a panoramic view of the world's oldest, continuously inhabited city, Damascus. The picture has to be sketched because outside Syria everyone is counting on the level of chaos we did not see.

For the region to flourish, all our communities must be at peace
Feb 12, 2018

For the region to flourish, all our communities must be at peace

In this crowded region of South Asia, we must find sufficient space to swim together, or we are doomed to sink separately.

For whom did the ‘Bud’ bloom?
Feb 26, 2018

For whom did the ‘Bud’ bloom?

There is no denying that now is the best time for anyone to hope for a negotiated political settlement to the ethnic issue than any time in the past. That includes the months and years after the end of ethnic war, when the TNA and the Rajapaksa leadership were talking peace and political settlement.

Forceful intervention
Jul 17, 2005

Forceful intervention

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh could not have been more categorical when he said, in his Independence Day speech on August 15, that Pakistan was only making half-hearted attempts to dismantle terrorist infrastructure.

Forcing China’s hand?
Apr 12, 2019

Forcing China’s hand?

The U.S. initiative to have Masood Azhar blacklisted at the UN Security Council marks a new turn

Foreign Direct Investment in Defence: Lessons from the Automobile Industry
Oct 24, 2025

Foreign Direct Investment in Defence: Lessons from the Automobile Industry

India has emerged as a global automotive manufacturing hub, with exports contributing a significant revenue percentage for auto firms. This growth has been driven by liberalised FDI norms, competitive market dynamics, and positive policy interventions, attracting foreign auto firms to set up plants locally. In contrast, defence manufacturing continues to lag, constrained by regulatory bottlenecks, limited foreign participation, and non-availabili

Foreign Fighters in Ukraine: The Indian Position
Aug 14, 2023

Foreign Fighters in Ukraine: The Indian Position

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to a full-fledged international armed conflict, and the Ukrainian president has issued a call to people across the world to join the country’s battle through the International Legion of Territorial Defence (ILTD). At the time of writing, 500 Indians have submitted applications to join the ILTD, and one is already in the force. This brief contextualises the rise of Indians fighting ‘foreign’ war

Foreign policy & federalism
Jan 23, 2014

Foreign policy & federalism

It is absolutely necessary that the central government must consult the state concerned, take care of its grievances, and take it on board while making a decision. At the same time an effective foreign policy requires that the Centre will be in a position to draw the line and assert that the national interest must trump any other interest.

Foreign policy and BRICS: A look at Russia
Feb 01, 2013

Foreign policy and BRICS: A look at Russia

Russia saw BRICS as an anti-Western grouping and it can be said that this Russian BRICS-view still persists. The main problem with this position is that BRICS was not crafted to be a foreign policy vehicle.

Foreign policy cannot be so chaotic
Mar 27, 2012

Foreign policy cannot be so chaotic

There is no doubt that federalism and the increasing role of states in foreign policy is a reality and not something detrimental. It is important, however, to deal with this reality in a mature and pro-active manner.

Foreign policy challenges five years later
Jun 11, 2019

Foreign policy challenges five years later

In an unpredictable global environment, India needs to shape a domestic consensus in matters of Indian foreign policy.

Foreign Policy Contestation and Indian Democracy
Apr 26, 2024

Foreign Policy Contestation and Indian Democracy

As a rising India engages the world with confidence in an increasingly challenging environment, informed contestations on foreign policy should be the norm.

Foreign policy issues in US presidential campaign 2012:  An assessment
Jul 19, 2012

Foreign policy issues in US presidential campaign 2012: An assessment

As President Barack Obama reaches the twilight of his first term, he has to enter the grind yet again, go all out to try and convince the voters that he deserves another term.

Foreign policy issues to dominate GOP primaries
Jun 11, 2015

Foreign policy issues to dominate GOP primaries

As the US Presidential elections unfold, Republican candidates would be thoroughly tested on their merit of thinking creatively on issue-based solutions to global challenges and exploring facets of diplomacy and non-military aspects of foreign policies in contrast to the focus on military interventionism and a hawkish vision of American policies abroad.

Foreign policy shift unlikely under new Government
May 13, 2014

Foreign policy shift unlikely under new Government

Delhi appears set for a regime change, probably by the BJP-led coalition. However, there is unlikely to be any major change in Indian Foreign Policy. There might be more rhetoric, but not much in substance and action. In all probability, it will be a foreign policy which is realist and pragmatic.

Foreign policy: Regional issues and national concerns
Mar 22, 2013

Foreign policy: Regional issues and national concerns

In not agreeing to have a parliamentary resolution against Sri Lanka, the Parliament has demonstrated where politics ends and policy-making on a sensitive area as external affairs and neighbourhood relations begin.

Foreign Role in the Reconstruction and Development of Sri Lanka
Mar 06, 2004

Foreign Role in the Reconstruction and Development of Sri Lanka

The most recent Tokyo Conference on the Reconstruction and Development of Sri Lanka was held at Washington D.C., on February 17, 2004, as a follow-up meet to discuss the international community¿s support for Sri Lanka¿s peace process.

Foreign Secretary at ORF
Apr 10, 2007

Foreign Secretary at ORF

Observer Research Foundation organised a lecture by Shivshankar Menon, Foreign Secretary, Government of India, on "Indian Foreign Policy: The Challenges Ahead" on Tuesday April 10, at the ORF Delhi campus.

Foreign Secretary launches book on 'Modi's World: Expanding India's Sphere of Influence'
Jul 18, 2015

Foreign Secretary launches book on 'Modi's World: Expanding India's Sphere of Influence'

Launching the new book of Dr. C. Raja Mohan, 'Modi's World' on Friday, Indian Foreign Secretary Dr. S. Jaishankar explained the changes brought out by the foreign policy of the Modi government.

Foreign Secretary suggests joint management of fisheries resources
Jul 18, 2011

Foreign Secretary suggests joint management of fisheries resources

Indian Foreign Secretary Ms Nirupama Rao has suggested joint management of fisheries resources, alternative methods of fishing and examining alternative livelihood to resolve the fisheries disputes between countries in the South Asian region.

Foreign Secretary's visit to Bangladesh showcases India's support for democracy
Dec 31, 2013

Foreign Secretary's visit to Bangladesh showcases India's support for democracy

Though Foreign Secretary Sujata Singh's Bangladesh visit was kept low key, the timely interactions she had in Dhaka helped India shed its image of a reluctant neighbour besides helping her make a realistic assessment of the situation there and evaluate possible fallouts on regional stability.

Foreign trade and Northeast India
Jul 30, 2015

Foreign trade and Northeast India

India's total trade deficit with the world now is USD 13472.18 millions. A major component of Indian exports is agricultural commodities. The northeastern region performs well in horticulture. However, challenges to the produce finally turning into exports remain unaddressed for long.

Foreign Universities in India: Lessons and Learnings from Global Experiences
Oct 20, 2023

Foreign Universities in India: Lessons and Learnings from Global Experiences

In May 2023, India’s University Grants Commission announced draft guidelines to allow foreign universities to establish operations in the country. This paper explores the potential outcomes of the decision by assessing the experiences of foreign institutions in China, the United Arab Emirates, South Korea, and Malaysia. The case studies highlight that only a few world-class universities are keen to establish campuses in foreign countries. As su

Forget Gwadar, China has Karachi
Feb 08, 2013

Forget Gwadar, China has Karachi

Someday, Gwadar port in Pakistan might well emerge as a full-fledged Chinese naval facility. For now, Karachi already serves as a major facility for the projection of Chinese naval power into the Indian Ocean.

Forget the economics, it was geopolitics that dominated the G20 summit
Sep 05, 2016

Forget the economics, it was geopolitics that dominated the G20 summit

The Hangzhou G20 summit was about taking stock of the economic situation in a world where global recovery from the 2008 crisis remains sluggish.

Former PM Envoy launches "Nuclear Security in India" report
Jun 01, 2015

Former PM Envoy launches "Nuclear Security in India" report

'Nuclear Security in India' Report, launched recently by former PM Envoy on Non-Proliferation Rakesh Sood, sets out a list of policy recommendations which essentially seeks to address the gaps that still remain in the overall architecture of nuclear security in the country.

Forthcoming Presidential Elections in India
Jun 08, 2007

Forthcoming Presidential Elections in India

The Observer Research Foundation organised a roundtable on the "Forthcoming Presidential Election in India" on April 27, 2007 at the ORF Campus, Delhi. The roundtable was attended by several eminent personalities from the media, academia, political parties and think-tanks. The discussion largely focused on the possible contenders, the current electoral strengths of various political formations and possible scenarios that are likely to emerge.

Forward together we go in space?
Oct 13, 2014

Forward together we go in space?

With much fanfare, Indian Prime Minister Modi's trip to the United States came to a close September 30. However, beyond catchy slogans, are current Indo-US space cooperative initiatives living up to their full potential? Will space help India and the U.S. move forward together for a better world?

Four famines in an interconnected world: What can the G20 do?
Jun 28, 2017

Four famines in an interconnected world: What can the G20 do?

Nearly 20 million people in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen are facing what has been described as the largest food crisis in the world in 70 years. Conflict is the main reason behind these famines, abetted by drought, climate change, poverty, and the existing vulnerability of the people in these countries. Security issues have led to a dramatic decline in agricultural production and have adversely affected the supply and distribution of

Four Walls and a Bubble: Coal and the ABC of India's energy security
Oct 27, 2014

Four Walls and a Bubble: Coal and the ABC of India's energy security

In all the hype and hyperbole about what to do with coal blocks, the plain fact is that the real danger lies in our coal reserves turning valueless for the country, of no benefit to the owner - the people of the land. They will be value less if we don't extract them before they turn un-burnable by climate action a few decades from now.

Four Years of a Military Despot
Oct 14, 2003

Four Years of a Military Despot

I have no problem with military officers running a nation as long as they are out of uniform and have won the mandate to do so. But when a military officer ousts a legitimate civilian government, refuses to shed his uniform and abuses the basic democratic right of franchise, there is a reason for the civilized world to be alarmed and ashamed. Such men are a blot on the democratic, civilized world.

Four ‘Cs’ of Chennai summit
Oct 15, 2019

Four ‘Cs’ of Chennai summit

Competition, cooperation, conflict and containment need to be managed wisely

Framing multistakeholder conversations on encryption
Dec 06, 2016

Framing multistakeholder conversations on encryption

On August 12, 2016 the Observer Research Foundation convened the first in a series of multistakeholder roundtables on encryption. This report is the outcome of the discussion of issues and proposal of solutions conducted at the roundtable. Being a complex, technical-legal question around access to data for law enforcement, encryption has long been a contested issue. Creating best-in-class regulation on encryption will require targeted interventio