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Raising the Costs for Pakistan
Dec 20, 2025

Raising the Costs for Pakistan

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that any future act of terror from Pakistan will find an apt response from India. This signalling has laid out the new template reflecting a resolve to impose both material as well as psychological costs on terror groups and their sponsor-state, Pakistan

Rajan Luthra

Rajan is a technologist with 30+ years’ experience cutting across industry sectors and hi-tech domains. He is a Distinguished Fellow and a Member Trustee at Observer Research Foundation. An engineer by profession with an executive MBA in national security and counter-terrorism, he is passionate about critical and emerging technologies, innovation, global partnerships, strategic risk management, and public policy.

At Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL), India's #1 private sector company, Rajan has worked across all its’ businesses for 25 years. At Reliance Retail, India’s largest retailer with over 18,000 stores, he was part of the founding team spear-heading business strategy, technology architecture, business processes and loss prevention. As the head of special projects in the Chairman’s Office at RIL, he currently leads a digital platform team and setting up world’s first enterprise Joint Operations Centre. As an Investment Committee member in Israel’s leading early-stage incubator, he has led RIL investments in 15+ startups in AI, IoT, ed-tech, agri-tech, med-tech, smart city, cyber-security, quantum computing space.

Rajan is among the pioneers of electronic security industry in India and was recently honored with a Lifetime Achievement award. Starting his career with entrepreneurial stints in identity management, packaged software, and system integration ventures, he has been amongst the earliest adopters of advanced technologies including RFID, biometrics, IoT, IP-video, AI, computer vision and drones.

Other honorary positions:

Honorary Practice Fellow, Institute of Security Science & Technology, Imperial College London Member, Research Council, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Visiting Faculty, School of National Security Studies, Central University of Gujarat Member, Expert Advisory Committee, Capacity building for Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Mentor, Integrated Command & Control Centres, Smart Cities Mission of India Mentor and advisor at Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur’s Artificial Intelligence & Innovation Driven Entrepreneurship Center of Excellence Panel Convenor, Alarms & Electronic Security Sectional Committee, Bureau of Indian Standards Advisory Board Member, Fire and Security Association of India, former National President Chair of Steering Committee, Security Today Knowledge Summit

Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan

Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan was the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi.  Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019).  She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020.  As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues.

Dr Rajagopalan joined ORF after a five-year stint at the National Security Council Secretariat (2003-2007), Government of India, where she was an Assistant Director.  Prior to joining the NSCS, she was Research Officer at the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi.  She was also a Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Politics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan in 2012.

Dr Rajagopalan has authored or edited nine books including Global Nuclear Security: Moving Beyond the NSS (2018), Space Policy 2.0 (2017), Nuclear Security in India (2015), Clashing Titans: Military Strategy and Insecurity among Asian Great Powers (2012), The Dragon's Fire: Chinese Military Strategy and Its Implications for Asia (2009).  She has published research essays in edited volumes, and in peer reviewed journals such as India Review, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Air and Space Power Journal, International Journal of Nuclear Law and Strategic Analysis.  She has also contributed essays to newspapers such as The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Times of India, and The Economic Times.  She has been invited to speak at international fora including the United Nations Disarmament Forum (New York), the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (Vienna), Conference on Disarmament (Geneva), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the European Union.

Follow Dr Rajagopalan’s personal blog here.