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70 Policies — Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms Aug 07, 2018

70 Policies — Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973

The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act extended controls to “the use or disposal of — or dealings in — coin, bullion, securities or foreign exchange.” ...

70 Policies — Nationalisation of General Insurance, 1972
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms Aug 07, 2018

70 Policies — Nationalisation of General Insurance, 1972

From 1972 to 2002, the journey of GIC — from nationalisation to a general insurance monopoly to opening up to private competition and finally to become a reinsurer — mirrors the direction of India’s overall economic path over three decades. ...

70 Policies — Nationalisation of Coal Mines, 1971
Indian Economy | Energy | Economic Reforms | Coal Aug 07, 2018

70 Policies — Nationalisation of Coal Mines, 1971

In terms of outcomes, the first decade of coal nationalisation saw “political patronage of mafia activities” and bureaucratic corruption. ...

70 Policies — The 93.5 Percent Marginal Rate of Taxation, 1971
Indian Economy | Economics and Finance | Economic Reforms Aug 07, 2018

70 Policies — The 93.5 Percent Marginal Rate of Taxation, 1971

The intellectual framework for high taxes was set by Finance Minister C.D. Deshmukh in his 27 February 1953 Union Budget speech, where he set up the Taxation Enquiry Commission. ...

70 Policies — Sick Textile Undertakings (Nationalisation) Act, 1974
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms Aug 07, 2018

70 Policies — Sick Textile Undertakings (Nationalisation) Act, 1974

Possibly enthused by the socialist celebration of nationalisation as a silver bullet for all things market, the nationalisation of textile mills failed to achieve the desired objectives of rehabilitating or reorganising them. ...

70 Policies — Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms Aug 06, 2018

70 Policies — Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969

A five-decade-old issue — concentration of economic power, dominance in the hands of the few and the resultant inequalities — remains alive even today, not only in India but across the world. ...

70 Policies — Public Provident Fund, 1968
Indian Economy | Development Aug 04, 2018

70 Policies — Public Provident Fund, 1968

Initially offered by post offices and branches of select public sector banks, today, most private sector banks can offer the provident fund scheme to the public, though they try and dissuade investors and distract them towards higher fee generating options like insurance. ...

70 Policies — Special Economic Zones, 1965
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms Aug 04, 2018

70 Policies — Special Economic Zones, 1965

The Special Economic Zones Act was, and still remains, a difficult legislation to turn into action. ...

70 Policies — Agricultural Prices Commission, 1965
Indian Economy | Economic Reforms | Agriculture Aug 04, 2018

70 Policies — Agricultural Prices Commission, 1965

Completely aligned with a control mindset, the practice of ensuring that farmers get a fair return on their production in an era of food surpluses continues till date — and seems more a political tool than an economic one. ...

Contributors

Niranjan Sahoo

Niranjan Sahoo

Niranjan Sahoo, PhD, is a Senior Fellow with ORF’s Governance and Politics Initiative. With years of expertise in governance and public policy, he now anchors studies and programmes on democracy, human rights, federalism, electoral reforms (particularly issues related to political ...

Read More + Niranjan Sahoo

Niranjan Sahoo

Niranjan Sahoo, PhD, is a Senior Fellow with ORF’s Governance and Politics Initiative. With years of expertise in governance and public policy, he now anchors studies and programmes on democracy, human rights, federalism, electoral reforms (particularly issues related to political ...

Read More +